动词分类与形式谓语说明主语的情况，即主语的动作或状态；动词是表示动作或状态的词，具有时态、语态、语气和人称、数的变化。实义动词：及物动词、不及物动词连系动词助动词情态动词Verbs动词Verbs动词1.实义动词(notionalverb)：能独立做谓语的动词.及物动词vt.：本身意思不完整，需要接宾语才能使其意思完整.不及物动词vi.：自身意思完整，无需接宾语我们学习英语。WestudyEnglish.太阳从东方升起。Thesunrisesintheeast.2.连系动词(linkingverb)：连系主语和表语，说明主语的状态、性质特征或身份等。3.助动词(auxiliaryverb)：一般无实际意义，只是帮助构成谓语，表示时态、语态、语气等，或构成疑问或否定式，如be,have,do,shall,will•bedoing/bedone/betodo•havedone•do构成疑问、否定式;用于倒装、加强语气及代替前动词•shall用语第一人称/will用于各种人称4.情态动词(modalverb)：有一定意义，无人称和数的变化，和不带to的动词不定式(ought)一起构成谓语，表示说话人的语气或情态。Linkverbs系动词（1）表示特征或状态*be,seem,appear,*look,sound,feel,taste,smell（2）表示保持某种状态*continue,keep,remain,stand,prove,stay,turnout•Themeetingturnedouttobesuccessful.•Theshopstaysopentillnineo’clock.（3）表示状态变化*become,get,grow,turn,fall,come,go,runWrongnevercomesright.Theriverrunsdry.*make(有条件成为)"变成"类系动词及搭配1.形容词作表语。1)go+adj.表示令人不快的事情come+adj.则表示好的事情Inhotweather,meatgoesbad.Thingswillcomerightintheend.Hewentmad/crazy.2)run+short,out,dry,low,deep(主语多为能流动，能消耗掉的东西)Theirmoneywasrunningshort.Stillwatersrundeep.Don'tletthechildrenrunwild.不要让孩子们毫无约束(变野了)。3)grow+静态形容词侧重于“逐渐变成”。Thegirlgrewthinnerandthinner.Soontheskygrewlight.4)turn+表示颜色/天气的形容词侧重变得与以前完全不Themanturnedbluewithfear.因害怕，这个人变得忧郁起来。Theweathersuddenlyturnedmuchcolder.5)fall+asleep,silent,ill不能接形容词比较级。Shefellillfromcold.(误)Shefellworse.(正)Shegotworse.6)get+adj.口语，用得广泛，较多地与形容词比较级连用become较正式•Hebecame(got)angry.Hiscoathasbecome(got)badlytorn.•Thedaysaregettinglongerandlonger.•注意：become一般不用于"将来成为"的意思。(误)Ihopeyouwillbecomewell.(正)Ihopeyouwillgetwell.2.become,turn,get,go,fall能用名词作表语Hisdreamhasbecome(got)areality.Hehasturnedscientist.Hehasgonesocialist.Hefell(a)victimtocancer.(他患了癌症。)注意：go,turn后面的名词通常不带冠词。3.come,grow,get+todo表示变化过程,•I'vereallycometolovethisplace.表示"最终变得"Mary'sgrowingtobemoreandmorelikehermother.表示"渐渐变得"You'llsoongettolikeit.表示"由不……变得"•注意：不能用于带有一段时间的完成时态(误)Theyhavegottoknoweachotherforyears.(正)Theyhaveknowneachotherforyears.4.接介词短语，固定搭配Theywent(grow)outoffashion.(它们变得不时髦了。)Theyranoutofmoney.Theproblemwillcomeunderdiscussion.Theyfellbehindtheothers.Whathasbecomeofthegirl?It'sgettingneartea-time.Modalverbs情态动词•can/could–beableto•may/might•must–mustnot；haveto•need•should/oughtto•dare•shall•will/wouldcan,could•IcanspeakEnglish.•Couldyoutellmetheway?--CouldIuseyourpen?--Yes,youcan.•Itcan’tbeMarywhodidit.•CanitbeMarywhodidit?may,might•MayIuseyourbike?•Tommighthavesomefever.•Shemaycomeandseeyoutonight,butsheisn’tsure.must,mustnot•Wemustservethepeopleheartandsoul.•Youmustbetiredafterthelongwalk.•Shemusthavebeentherebefore.haveto•Thepaperhastobetypedbeforeitishandedin.•It’snineo’clock.Wehavetobeinahurry.need,needn’t•Youneedn’tdoitagain.•NeedIsayitonceagain?•--NeedIcomeagain?--Yes,youmus...
