grammar一般式完成式进行式不定式Ing形式过去分词主动被动主动被动被动todotobedoingdoingbeingdoingdonetohavedonetohavebeendonehavingdonehavingbeendonetobedoing非谓语动词的否定形式:直接在非谓语动词前加not/never,即nottodo/nevertodonot/neverdoing不定式的复合结构:for/ofsb.todosth.非谓语动词的做题步骤:1。判定是否用非谓语动词形式。方法:看句子中是否有了谓语动词2。赵非谓语动词的逻辑主语方法:非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语3。判定主被动关系方法:非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系4。判定时间关系方法:分析句子,看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前,之后还是同时。之前常用done,之后用todo,同时一般用doing.一。非谓语动词作为主语和表语的比较1。不定式和动名词作为主语和表语(1).不定式表示一次性的,具体的动作;ing常表示一般的,泛指的或者是习惯性的动作isagoodformofexerciseforbothyoungandold.A.thewalkB.WalkingC.TowalkD.Walk分析:agoodform暗示泛指一般的行为,用动名词作主语(2).不定式作主语时,常用it做形式主语,即用句型:itis+adj./n/+(for/ofsb.)+todosth.itisimportantforustolearnEnglish(2).不定式做主语时,常用it作形式主语,即用句型:itis+adj./n.(for/ofsb.)todosth.如:Itisveryimportantforustolearnenglishwell.Itisverykindofyoutohelpus.注意:下面几个句型是用动名词:itisnouse/gooddoingsth.it’suselessdoingsth.thereisnoneedtodosth.2。分词作表语记住:一些表示情感,情绪的动词,常用分词形式作表语。现在分词表示主语的性质特征,用过去分词表示主语的状态常用动词有以下:surprise(使某人吃惊),surprising(令人吃惊),surprised(主语感到吃惊)类似的动词有:excite(激动),astonish(惊奇),shock(震惊),scare(惊恐)disappoint(失明)move(感动)2。不定式,动名词,分词作表语的比较1。不定式,动名词作表语,表示主语的内容,如:Myjobisteaching/toteachEnglish.(teaching/toteachenglish是myjob的内容Knowingwhowearemeansknowingwhatweiketodo.(主语,表语要用同一形式)例如:themovieisexciting.Weareexcitedatthenews.在seem/appear(似乎,好像)prove/turnout(被证明是),remain(仍然是,尚待)等连系动词后,可以用不定式作表语。如:Heseemed(tobe)veryhappy.Havingatripabroadisgoodfortheoldcouple,butitremainstobeseenwhethertheywilenjoyit.二。不定式,动名词作宾语的比较:1。只能接不定式的动词:(1)想要:want,wouldlike,wouldprefer,ask,demand,intenddesire(2)希望:wish,hope,expect(3)决定:agree,decide,manage,plan,promise,choose,continue,prepare,makeupone’smind,tryone’sbest,apply,offer(4)happen,learn,fail,pretend,refuse,afford.2.只能接动名词的动词:suggest,advise(建议),finish,mind(介意),enjoy(喜欢),appreciate(鉴赏,感激),forbid(禁止),avoid(避免)can’thelpdoing(忍不住),feellike(想要)delay,putoff(推迟),giveup(放弃),bebusy忙于),beworth(值得),practise(练习)3.接不定式与接动名词意义不同的动词:remembertodo记得去做;rememberdoing记得做过forgettodo忘记去做;forgetdoing忘记做过了regrettodo遗憾去做;regretdoing后悔做过trytodo设法去做;trydoing试着做goontodo接着做另一件事;goondoing继续做同一件事meantodo打算做;meandoing意味着做stoptodo停下来去做;stopdoing停止做can’thelp(to)do不能帮助做;can’thelpdoing忍不住做例如:IwouldlovetothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishthereport.A,togoB.TohavegoneC.GoingD.havinggone4.要接动名词的几个句型:prevent/stop/keepsb./sth,fromdoing…(阻止…做)spend/eastetime/moneyindoingsth.havesomedifficulty/trouble/problemsindoing(在做…有困难)haveahard/goodtimeindoingsth.5.含介词to的短语lookforwardto(盼望);devote…to致力于,献身于be/getusedto习惯于;leadto导致equalto等于,能胜任...