非谓语动词&谓语动词非谓语动词是动词一种形式,可在句子中充当谓语以外的其他成分非谓语动词不受人称和数的限制Helikesmusic.Hehasnothingtodotoday.非谓语动词动名词(-ing)分词不定式(todo)*注意：1.非谓语动词有时态和语态的变化2.否定形式：not+非谓语动词非谓语动词在句中起n,adj,adv的作用现在分词(-ing)过去分词(-ed)主语宾语表语定语补语状语动名词VVVV分词VVVV不定式VVVVVV语态构成动词-ing时态&语态时态主动语态被动语态一般时完成时doingbeingdonehavingdonehavingbeendone性质相当于一个名词，有动词性质adj.adv性质句中成分主、宾、表、定表、定、补、状动名词现在分词一、分词1、分词的种类：现在分词和过去分词2、分词的时态和语态write(及物动词)语态时态主动语态被动语态一般式writingbeingwritten完成式havingwrittenhavingbeenwritten说明：1）现在分词有一般式和完成式，且有主动和被动之分，一般式表示和谓语动作所表示的动作同时发生的动作，完成式表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。2）过去分词表示在谓语动作之前发生的动作，本身有被动含义，所以只有一般式，没有完成式。过去分词：即动词的过去分词3）现在分词表主动，表进行；而过去分词表被动，表完成。,thedeveloping/developedcountry;theexcitingnews/theexcitedpeople体会下列各句Beingastudent,heisinterestedinbooks.Havingstudiedintheuniversityfor3years,heknowstheplaceverywell.Thequestionbeingdiscussedisimportant.Havingbeencriticizedbytheteacher,LiMinggaveupsmoking.Nothavingfoundthewallet,hedarednotgohome.Notdaringtospeak,theysattheresilent.Heescaped,notseenbyanyone.amovingstoryexcitingnewsfrighteningvoiceamovedstudentanexcitedboyafrightenedvoice这类表示感觉的及物动词，其现在分词表示主动，即“令人有某种感觉”，过去分词表示被动，即“人被引起某种感觉”Thegirlletoutafrightenedcryatthesightofthesnake.(Thegirlwasfrightened.)Hisfrighteningshoutscaredtheboysaway.(Theshoutwasfrighteningandtheboysfeltfrightened.)分词的否定：not+分词吓人的声音受惊吓的声音3.分词的作用分词在句中起形容词和副词的作用，可作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语。1)作定语单个分词作定语常放在被修饰词前面，分词短语作定语要放在被修饰词的后面。Arethereanylivingthingsonthemoon?Iboughtsomepaintedchairs.Doyouknowthemansittingthere?Everybodyattendedthemeetingheldlastweek.2）作表语Thestoryisveryinteresting.Ourclassroomiscrowded.3)作宾语补足语Wesawhimclimbingatree.I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.Wemustn’tleavetheworkhalfdone.注意：现在分词作宾补与不定式作宾补的区别Isawhimgoupstairs.Isawhimgoingupstairs.4)作状语分词可作时间、原因、方式、结果和伴随状语Hearingthenoise,Iturnedround=WhenIheardthenoise,I….HavingbroughtherfatherbacktoEngland,Luciehelpedhimtogetthere.=Aftershehadbroughtherfather…..BeingLeaguemembers,wearereadytohelpothers.=Sinceweare…….Beingdeterminedtorescuehisfriend,CharlessetoffforFrance.Hecamerunningbacktotellthenews.方式Thechildfellstrikinghisheadagainstthedoor.结果Theteachercameintotheclassroomfollowingthestudents.Theteachercameintotheclassroomfollowedbythestudents.伴随二、动名词动名词和现在分词一样也是由动词+ing构成，在句中起名词的作用，可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。否定形式也是not+动名词，有四种时态和语态形式，使用时注意如下内容即可。1.时态和语态时态语态主动被动一般teachingbeingtaught完成havingtaughthavingbeentaught动名词的一般式表示的动作,发生在谓语动词表示的动作的同时或之后。Theybegansingingjustnow.Shedreamsofbecomingateacher.动名词的完成式表示的动作，发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。Hewaspraisedforhavingdoneagooddeed.Sheforgothavingreadthenovel有时动名词的一般式可以代替完成式Afterworkingforthreehours,hebeganhav...
