一、定义及相关术语1.定语从句：用来修饰名词、代词、句子等，在句中的作用相当于形容词，故又称为形容词性从句。。2.先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。3.关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词关系代词：who,whom,whose,that,which,as等（在句中作主、表、宾、定等成分）关系副词：where\when\why(介词+which)（在句中作状语）关系词通常有下列三个作用：A.引导定语从句；B.代替先行词；C.在定语从句中担当一个成分。Themanwhoisshakinghandswithmyfatherisapoliceman.二、关系代词引导的定语从句1.That代指人和物的先行词，在从句中作主语或宾语。1)Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.（主语）2)ThenoodlesthatIlookedweredelicious.（宾语）3)Let’saskthemanthatisreadingthebookoverthere.（主语）4)ThegirlthatwesawyesterdayisJim’sister.（宾语）2.Which代指物的先行词，在从句中作主语或宾语。1)Theyplantedthetreeswhichdidn’tneedmuchwater.(主语)3.whowhom代指人的先行词，在从句中分别作主语和宾语(口语中who也可作宾语)1)TheforeignerwhovisitedourschoolyesterdayisfromCanada.（主语）2)Thefishwhichweboughtwerenotfresh.（宾语）2)TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledMichael.（主语）4)Mr.Readistheprofessortowhomyoushouldwrite.（宾语）3)ThepersontowhomyoujusttalkedisMr.Li.（宾语）3)Thisisthebookwhosecoverisblue.4.whose代指人或物的先行词，在从句中作定语。1)MissFloweristheteacherwhosehousecaughtfirelastweek.2)Thisistheboywhosecompositiontheteachertalkedof.3.先行词指物，在限制性定语从句中做主语或宾语，可用which/that做宾语时常可省略。Thisisthepen(which/that)heboughtyesterday.Thefactorywhich/thatmakescomputersisfarawayfromhere.四、介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词(相当于关系副词)”引出。介词+关系代词中介词的选定要根据a.谓语动词的固定搭配e.g.Thisistheevidencewithwhichthecaseisconnected.b.先行词e.g.I’llneverforgetthedayonwhich\whenIjoinedtheparty.c.句子表达的意思e.g.ThebossinwhosedepartmentMrKingworkedgotsacked.d.在非限制性定语从句中，名词\代词+of+which\whom表示整体与部分的关系e.g.Theworkers,someofwhomstayedforfouryears,camefromdifferentcountries.e.介词的位置一般放在关系代词之前，有时也可放在从句中原来的位置上。e.g.Wediditinthesamewayinwhichhedid\whichhedidin.注意：1）含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等。Thisisthewatch(which/that)Iamlookingfor.Thebabies(whom/who/that)thenurseislookingafterareveryhealthy.２）若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，不可用who,that；关系代词指物时只可用which，不可用that。关系代词是所有格时用whose。Themanwithwhomyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbour.Themanwiththat/whoyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbour.TheplaneinwhichweflewtoCanadawasreallycomfortable.TheplaneinthatweflewtoCanadawasreallycomfortable.×√×３）“介词+关系代词”前还可有some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each,few等代词或者数词。Heloveshisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhichhavegonebad.Uptonow,hehaswrittentenstories,threeofwhichareaboutcountrylife.五、关系副词引导的定语从句1.先行词指时间，且在定语从句中作时间状语时用when或介词+关系代词引导:IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametothisschool.Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallyarrived.October1,1949wasthedaywhenthePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.Doyouremembertheyearswhenhelivedinthecountrysidewithhisgrandparents.2.先行词指地点，且在定语从句中作地点状语时用where或介词+关系代词引导:ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.Ivisitedthefarmwherealotofco...
