学者简介：生理学科学家实验的故事Claude Bernard:内环境稳态概念的提出者19 世纪法国著名的实验生理学家克劳·伯尔纳（ Claude Bernard ，1813— 1878），晚年提出 “内环境稳态 ”（internal environment homeostasis ）的概念，是其许多重大贡献中最伟大的。Bernard提出机体生存在两个环境中，一个是不断变化着的外环境，另一个是比较稳定的内环境。内环境是围绕在生命有机体细胞周围的体液，深居于机体的内部，为活细胞提供一个适宜的生活环境。内环境本身很大的一个特点在于它的理化性质变动非常小，例如它的组分数量与功能都是相对恒定的。他总结出一句话：“内环境恒定是机体自由和独立生存的首要条件。”这被有识之士认为是Bernard 对生命现象高度概括的具有丰富内容的一句名言。Claude Bernard and internal environment homeostasis In 19th century, Claude Bernard, a France famous experimental physiologist, demonstrated the concept of “internal environment homeostasis”. It is the most important one in his many contributions for physiology. Bernard illustrated the body lived in two environments. One was the variability external environment, another was stable internal environment. Internal environment is present within and around the cells of the body and is called extracellular fluid. Internal environment provides a adequate living environment for the cells of the body. One prominent characteristic of internal environment is variation in narrow range of its physical and chemical characteristic. He conclude internal environment is the primary condition that the body can free and independent survival. This conclusion was posited a highly summarily and abundance content saying for the life phenomena by many scientists. External environment Extracellular fluid: The internal environment Intracellular fluid of most cells Material enters and leaves the body Karl Landsteiner和 ABO 血型的故事在 1900 年，维也纳大学病理解剖系的年轻助教卡尔·兰德斯坦纳（ K...
