Chapter 1 The Basic Concepts of Words and Vocabulary1、The Definition of a Word Lexicology focuses on the study of meanings and origins of words. According to semanticists （语义学家） , a word is a unit of meaning. A word is a minimal （最小的）free form of a language that has a given sound, meaning and syntactic function （句法功能） . 2、 Vocabulary All the words in a language make up what is generally known as its vocabulary. 3、 Sound and Meaning The relationship between sound and meaning is no logic 4、 Sound and Form There was more agreement between sound and form in Old English than in Modern English. With the development of the language, more and more differences arose between sound and form. 5、 Classification of Words No.ClassificationExampleNotes 1 By use frequency Basic Word Stock （基本词汇）The basic word stock forms the common core （共合） of the language. Pronouns （ 代 词 ）and numerals are semantically monosemous（单一的）and fairly limited in the respect of productivity （多产性） and collocability （搭配性） . The most important feature of the basic word stock is all national character. Nonbasic VocabularyArchaisms （古词语）： thouNeologisms（新词）： AIDSArgot （黑话）： persuader( means dagger)Technical Terms 2 By notion （有无实义）Content Words （实义词）Functional Words3 By OriginNative Words Borrowed WordsDenizens （同代词）： port、 shirtAliens （非同代词）：décorTranslation Loans（译借词） : lama（喇嘛）4 By Morphology （形态）Simple Words Compounds and Derived Words 6、简答（1）、 What is the relationship between sound and meaning? Give examples to illustrate it. The relationship between sound and meaning is arbitrary and conventional. In different languages, the same concept can be show...
