LectureFifteenLectureFifteenForeignizingTranslationandDomesticatingTranslation异化翻译与归化翻译HistoryofFT&DTHistoryofFT&DT•GermanscholarFriedrickSchleiermacherThetranslatorcaneitherleavethewriterinpeaceasmuchaspossibleandbringthereadertohim,orhecanleavethereaderinpeaceasmuchaspossibleandbringthewritertohime.(1813)•Schleiermacherclaimed:TranslationsfromdifferentlanguagesintoGermanshouldreadandsounddifferent:thereadershouldbeableto,guesstheSpanishbehindatranslationfromSpanish,andtheGreekbehindatranslationfromGreekDefinitionDefinition•DTisatranslationstrategyinwhichatransparent,fluentstyleisadoptedinordertominimizethestrangenessoftheforeigntextsfortargetlanguagereaders.•FTisatypeoftranslationinwhichatargettext“deliberately”breakstargetconventionsbyretainingsomethingoftheforeignnessoftheoriginal.Italian-originedAmericanscholarLawrenceVenuti“TheTranslator’sInvisibility”FTandliteraltranslationFTandliteraltranslation•Literaltranslationreferstoeitherastrategyoraproduct.ItfocusesonthereproductionofboththeformandmeaningoftheSTalthoughtheformsometimesdoesnotconformtothetargetlanguageusage.Word-for-word,orverbatimtranslation,isaspecialcaseofliteraltranslation.Thecorrespondingactislabeled“translateliterallyordirectlyorverbatim”.Theresultoftheactisaliteraltranslation.Thetranslatorwhoadvocatesitisaliteralist.Theirthoughtorperceptionoftranslationisliteralism.Itsoppositeisfreetranslation.Aliteraltranslationisaforeignizingtranslationincaseswheresourceandtargetlanguageandculturesystemsconflictwitheachother.DTandfreetranslationDTandfreetranslation•Freetranslation,alsocalledliberaltranslation,referstoeitherastrategyoraproduct.ItfocusesonthereproductionoftheSTmeaningratherthanitsform.Thecorrespondingactislabeled“free-translate”or“free-hand”.Theresultoftheactisafreetranslation.Thetranslatorwhoadvocatesitisaliberalistorafree-hander.Theirthoughtorperceptionoftranslationisliberalism.Itsoppositeisliteraltranslation.Afreetranslationcanbeeitheradomesticatingtranslation,oraforeignizingtranslationorneitherofthem.Ifitretainstheforeignflavor,itisaforeignizingtranslation.Ifitlosestheexoticflavorandisbiasedtowardthetargetlanguage-culture,itisadomesticatingtranslation.Ifitlosestheoriginalflavorandisnotbiasedtowardthetargetside,itisneitherofthem.FTFT①FT&literaltranslationFTmainlydealswithculturaltranslation.LTisastrategyoftranslation②DT/freetranslation③Omission,amplification&inversionsometimesareconsideredasstrategiesofDTorFT①语言层次上的归化assimilation/adaptation②语言层次上的异化alienatione.g.:lieonone’sbackclosethedoorbehindyou①调整语序,以TL来调整行文②保留本来面目③文化层面上的归化/异化BritishscholarMonaBacker:原文的文化价值观念是否发生变化,变化了的是DT,没变的FT.DTDTe.g.individualism个人主义(DT)东风压倒西风.Therevolutionaryforceprevailsoverthereactionaryforce.④文化翻译策略上的归化/异化e.g.theSignofFour《四签名》(译者为福尔摩斯注射吗啡杜撰有病的借口)文化词语的直译-FT文化词语的意译-DTe.g.:DTEtoC以汉语为准leadadog’slife过着牛马不如的生活Jackofalltrades三脚猫，万金油Everydoghashisday.风水轮流转。CtoE以英语为准thefourtigersofAsia亚洲四小龙likeadonkeyinalion’shide狐假虎威likeahotknifecuttingthroughthebutter势如破竹FTEtoCe.g.blackhorse黑马ivorytower象牙塔•CtoE馄饨wonton;belikesplittingbamboo势如破竹HenryFok霍英东翻译实践翻译实践原文：温哥华（Vancouver）的辉煌是温哥华人智慧和...
