Unit 9 Basic Statistical Analy sis of Random Errors （随机误差的统计学基本分析） Random errors are those variables that remain after mistakes are detected and eliminated and all systematic errors have been removed or corrected from the measured values.（随机误差是在错误被察觉【detect】和消除【eliminate】后，并且所有系统误差被从测量值中移除或修正后，保留下的那些变量【variable 变量、变化n.】） They are beyond the control of the observer.（它们是观测者无法控制的） So the random errors are errors the occurrence of which does not follow a deterministic pattern.（因此随机误差是不遵循某个确定性【deterministic确定性的】模式【pattern】而发生的误差） In mathematical statistics, they are considered as stochastic variables, and despite their irregular behavior, the study of random errors in any well-conducted measuring process or experiment has indicated that random errors follow the following empirical rules: （在数理统计【mathematical statistics】中，它们被当成随机变量【stochastic variable】，尽管它们的行为无规律，在任一正确的【well-conducted 原意为品行端正的，这里指测量实验和活动是无误的】测量活动和实验中，对的随机误差的研究显示【indicate】随机误差遵循以下经验法则【empirical rule】：） ⑴A random error will not exceed a certain amount.（随即误差不会超过一个确定的值） ⑵Positive and negative random errors may occur at the same frequency.（正负误差出现的频率相同） ⑶Errors that are small in magnitude are more likely to occur than those that are larger in magnitude.（误差数值【magnitude 量值、大小】小的比数值大的误差出现可能性大【be likely to 可能】） ⑷The mean of random errors tends to zero as the sample size tends to infinite.（当【as】样本大小【sample size】趋近于无穷【infinite】时，随机误差的平均值趋近于0） In mathematical statistics, random errors follow statistical behavioral laws such as the laws ...
