英语动词有两种语态：主动语态(theActiveVoice)被动语态(thePassiveVoice)A.主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。B.被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。Weplantedthetree.Thetreewasplantedbyus.WespeakEnglish.主语谓语宾语Englishisspokenbyus.主语谓语宾语主动语态被动语态Theycleanedtheclassroomyesterday.昨天他们打扫了教室。Theclassroomwascleanedbythemyesterday.昨天教室被他们打扫了。((一一))主动语态变被动语态的方法:((一一))主动语态变被动语态的方法:1.把原原来的宾语宾语提到前面作被动语态的主语主语;;2.把动词变成“be+be+过去分词过去分词”;3.主动语态中的主语主语变为介词byby的宾语宾语。。be+donebe+done(二)被动语态的基本结构:有各种时态的变化时态构成一般现在时am/is/are＋done一般过去时was/were＋done现在进行时am/is/are+being+done一般将来时will/shall/begoingto＋be＋done现在完成时has/have＋been＋done含情态动词can/must/should/may...＋be＋done1.被动语态的各种时态[1].NowEnglish____bymoreandmorepeopleallovertheword.A.speaksB.isspokenC.wasspoken一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are+done一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are+done[2].Thelostboy____atthestreetcornerlastnight.A.wasfoundB.isfoundC.waslookedfor一般过去时的被动语态：was/were+done一般过去时的被动语态：was/were+done[3].Moreman-madesatellites____inthefuture.A.willsendupB.willbesentupC.aresentup一般将来时的被动语态：will+be+donebegoingto+be+done一般将来时的被动语态：will+be+donebegoingto+be+done[4].Threebridges____sincelastyear.A.havebuiltB.werebuiltC.havebeenbuilt现在完成时的被动语态：have/has+been+done现在完成时的被动语态：have/has+been+done[5].Flowers____everyday.A.hasbeenwateredB.shouldbewateredC.shouldwater含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+be+done含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+be+doneOralpractice--1.Changeeachsentenceintopassivevoice:1)Acarknockedhimdownyesterday.2)Twodoctorsandtennursesmakeupthemedicalteam．3)WhenIgotthere,theywerecuttingupafallentree．•Hewasknockeddownbyacaryesterday．•Themedicalteamismadeupofbytwo…．•Afallentreewasbeingcutup,whenIgotthere.4)We’llputontheplaynextSunday．5)Workersarebuildinganewteachingbuildinginourschool．6)Theyhadcompletedtherailwaybytheendoflastyear．•TheplaywillbeputonnextSunday．•Anewteachingbuildingisbeingbuiltbyworkersinourschool．•Therailwayhadbeencompletedbytheendoflastyear．7)Weshouldprotecttheearth．8)Youneedtopaintthewall．•Theearthshouldbeprotected．•Thewallneedstobepainted．(三)何时使用被动语态？1、行为主体不明确，不必说出或者无法说出动作的执行者时。例如：Footballisplayedallovertheworld．2、不易找到或根本就不可能找到动作的执行者时。例如：Mybikewasstolen．我的自行车被盗了。3、某些句子习惯上用被动语态。例如：HewasborninOctober，1989．4、汉语中含有“被”、“由”等词时。例如：Tina是被Paul叫来的。TinaisaskedtocomebyPaul．5、汉语中含有“据说”、“据悉”、“据报道”等时。例如：Itissaidthatonedayheclimbedtothetopofahouseand……ItwasreportedthathermotherdiedofSARS.众所周知…Itiswellknownthat…据推测说……Itissupposedthat…主动变被动的特殊结构1.含有双宾语的主动句(givepass,lend,buy,write,bring,show,tell)IgavethebooktoMr.Smithyesterday.昨天我给了史密斯先生一本书。ThebookwasgiventoMr.Smithyesterday(byme).Mr.Smithwasgivenabookyesterday(byme).2.谓语动词含有介词的主动句Theyhaveneverlistenedtohim.Hehasneverbeenlistenedto.他们从不听他的话。2.2.Theytakegoodcareofthebaby.1.Heboughtherawatch.Awatchwasboughtforher(byhim).Shewasboughtawatch(byhim).Thebabyistakengoodcareofbythem.Hemademedothework3.feel,listento,hear,make,let...
