初中英语被动语态专项讲解 一、 被动语态的定义 当谓语表示一个动作时，主语和它可以有两种不同的关系：主动关系和被动关系 。在表示主动关系时，即主语为动作的执行者（也可叫发出者）时，谓语的形式称为主动语态；在表示被动关系时，即主语为动作的承受者时，谓语要用另一种形式，称为被动语态。在被动结构的句子中，动作的执行者可以由介词by引起的短语表示，有时可以省掉。 1. Many people speak Chinese.（主动语态） 谓语speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。 2. Chinese is spoken by many people. （被动语态） 主语English是动词speak的承受者。 二、被动语态的基本构成 由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。(被动语态的否定式和疑问式均由助动词或第一个助动词构成。) 三、 各种时态的被动语态构成： 1.一般现在时：am／is／are＋及物动词的过去分词（+by +动作的执行者） +其他。 I'm asked to take care of myself by my parents. Football is played all over the world . The clothes are bought by me in Shanghai. 2.一般过去时：was／were＋及物动词的过去分词（+by +动作的执行者） +其他。 These houses were built in 1958. His leg was broken in an accident. 3.一般将来时：will／shall + be＋及物动词的过去分词（+by +动作的执行者） +其他。 We shall be told to have breakfast at school by Tom tomorrow morning . He will be taken back to his home by his teacher tomorrow. 4.现在进行时：am／is／are + being＋及物动词的过去分词（+by +动作的执行者） +其他。 . A road is being built around the mountain. Many new houses are being built in this city 5.过去进行时：was/were + being＋及物动词的过去分词 （+by +动作的执行者） +其他。 The meeting was being held when I was there. We were being trained this time last year. 6.现在完成时：have／has been＋及物动词的过去分词（+by +动作的执行者） +其他。 His book has been translated into many foreign languages. The prices of many goods have been cut again . 7.过去完成时：had been + ...
