第十三章镇痛药Analgesics疼痛是机体受到损伤时发生的一种不愉快的感觉和情绪性体验,使机体受到伤害性刺激后产生的保护性反应,是一组复杂的病理、生理改变的临床表现
组织致痛物质K+H+5-HTPG缓激肽伤害性刺激(皮层第Ⅱ、边缘叶)慢钝痛伴情绪反应定位锐痛(皮层第Ⅰ)痛觉生理痛觉生理•慢痛(钝痛):定位不明确的“烧灼痛”,发生较慢,持续时间长•快痛(锐痛):尖锐而定位清楚的刺痛,刺激时立即发生,刺激消除后立即消失PainpathwaysandsitesofdrugactionPainactivatesprimaryafferentneuronsthatenterthespinalcord,wheretheysynapsewithinterneuronsdirectlyontospinothalamictractneurons(STTs)
Theneospinothalamictractprojectstotheprimarysensorycortex,whichalertstheindividualtothepresenceandlocationofpain,thesensory-discriminativecomponent
Thepaleospinothalamictractprojectstolimbicstructures,whichmediatethemotivational-affectiveresponsetopain
Descendingneuronaltractsfromtheperiaqueductalgraymatteractivateneuronsthatreleasenorepinephrine(NE),serotonin(5-HT),andenkephalin(Enk)inthespinalcordandtherebyblockascendi