2016 年上海外国语大学专业学位英语口译/笔译初试英语翻译基础（100 分）12 月 26 日 14:00—17:00I. Cloze. (共 15 个空，一空两分，共 30 分)卷子上的标题是 Here’swhy the“Americancentury”will surviveriseof ChinaThe American century will survive the rise of ChinaJosephNyeMarch25,2015Entropyis a greaterchallengethanChinesegrowth,writesJosephNyeIn 1941Time editorHenryLuceproclaimed“theAmericancentury”.Somenowsee this comingto an endas 1. a resultof the nation’seconomic andpoliticaldecline.Manypointto the exampleof USfailureto convinceits allies to stay out of theAsianInfrastructureInvestment Bank,Beijing’srival to the WorldBank;butthis was2.more an exampleof a faulty decisionthan evidenceof decline,which raises thequestionof whatis thenaturallife cycle of a nation.A centuryis generallythe limit for a humanorganismbutcountriesare socialconstructs.Romedidnot collapseuntil more thanthreecenturiesafterit reacheditsapogeeof powerin 117AD.AfterAmericanindependencein 1776 HoraceWalpole,the Britishpolitician,lamentedthat his nation hadbeenreducedto the level ofSardinia,justas Britainwas aboutto enterthe industrialrevolutionthat3. powereditssecondcenturyas a globalpower.Any effort at assessingAmericanpowerin the comingdecadesshould4. takeinto accounthow manyearliereffortshave beenwideof the mark.It is chasteningtorememberhow wildly5. exaggeratedUSestimatesof Sovietpowerin the 1970sandof Japanesepowerin the 1980swere. Todaysome see the Chinese as 10ft tall andproclaimthis “theChinesecentury”.China’ssize andrelativelyrapideconomic growthwill bringit closer to the USin termsof its powerresourcesin the nextfew decades.Butthis doesnot necessarilymeanit will surpasstheUSin military,economic andsoft power.6. Evenif Chinasuffers no bigdomesticpoliticalsetback,many projectionsaresimplelinear extrapolationsof growthrates that are...
