商丘师范学院2008——2009学年度第二学期期终考试化学系化学工程与工艺、化学教育、应用化学专业06级本科(化工升本08-1、化学06-1,化学06-2,化工06-1班)《化学专业英语》试卷题号一二三四总分总分人得分说明:本试卷共7页、四道大题,答卷一律在试卷规定处进行,答在其它处不得分。一、词汇:(本题分英译汉和汉译英两部分内容,其中英译汉部分包括20个小题,汉译英部分包括10个小题,将正确答案写在每小题后面的横线上,每小题1分,本题满分30分)1.(20分)(英译汉)(1)carbonate__________(2)monoxide__________(3)aminoacid__________(4)aromatic__________(5)protein__________(6)covalentbond_________(7)rawmaterial__________(8)chemicalshift_________(9)solute__________(10)oxygen__________(11)monatomic__________(12)polymer__________(13)pesticide__________(14)detergent__________(15)donor__________(16)nuclearmagneticresonance__________(17)alkalimetal__________(18)geochemistry__________(19)electrode__________(20)alkene__________2.(10分)(汉译英)(21)无机化学_____________(22)二氧化碳____________(23)配体__________(24)同分异构体__________(25)氯化钠__________(26)酸和碱__________(27)摘要__________(28)离子键__________(29)甲苯__________(30)电子__________二、阅读理解:(本题共3篇短文,15个小题,根据短文内容从各题的A,B,C,D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案,并将答案代码填入题后的括号内。每小题2分,本题满分30分)(一)Thereisevidencethattheusualvarietyofhighbloodpressureis,inpart,afamiliardisease.Sincefamilieshavesimilargenesaswellassimilarenvironments,familiardiseasescouldbeduetosharedgeneticinfluences,tosharedenvironmentalfactors,ortoboth.Forsomeyears,theroleofoneenvironmentalfactorcommonlysharedbyfamilies,namelydietarysalt(i.e.,sodiumchloride),hasbeenstudiedatBrookhavenNationalLaboratory.Thesestudiessuggestthatchromicexcesssaltingestioncanleadtohighbloodpressureinmanandanimals.Someindividuals,however,andsomeratsconsumelargeamountsofsaltwithoutdevelopinghighbloodpressure.Nomatterhowstrictlyallenvironmentalfactorswerecontrolledintheseexperiments,somesalt-fedanimalsneverdevelopedhypertensionwhereasafewrapidlydevelopedveryseverehypertension得分评卷人得分评卷人followedbyearlydeath.Thesemarkedvariationswereinterpretedtoresultfromdifferencesingeneticconstitution.Bymatingissuccessivegenerationsonlythoseanimalsthatfailedtodevelophypertensionfromsaltingestion,aresistantstrain(the"R"Strain)hasbeenevolvedinwhichconsumptionoflargequantitiesofsaltfailstoinfluencethebloodpressuresignificantly.Incontrast,bymatingonlyanimalsthatquicklydevelophypertensionfromsalt,asensitivestrain("S"strain)hasalsobeendeveloped.Theavailabilityofthesetowstrainspermitsinvestigationsnotheretoforepossible.Theyprovideaplausiblelaboratorymodelonwhichtoinvestigatesomeclinicalaspectsofthehumanprototypesofhypertension.Moreimportant,theremightbethepossibilityofdevelopingmethodsbywhichgeneticsusceptibilityofhumanbeingstohighbloodpressurecanbedefinedwithoutwaitingforitsappearance.Radioactivesodium22wasanimportant"tool"inworkingoutthecharacteristicsofthesodiumchloridemetabolism.1.Thestudyoftheeffectsofsaltonhighbloodpressurewascarriedout______()A)asmembersofthesamefamilytendtousesimilaramountsofsaltB)toexplorethelong-termuseofasodiumbasedsubstanceC)becauseitwasproventhatsaltcausedhighbloodpressureD)becauseoftheavailabilityofchemicallypuresaltanditsderivatives2.Themaindifferencebetween"S"and"R"ratsistheir______.()A)needforsodium22B)rateofmatingC)reactiontosaltD)typeof...