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Simile 明喻明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比
这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性
标志词常用 like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等
例如 : 1>
He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow
I wandered lonely as a cloud
Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale
Metaphor 隐喻 ,暗喻隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成
例如 : 1>
Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper
Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested
Metonymy 借喻 ,转喻借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称
以容器代替内容,例如 : 1>
The kettle boils
The room sat silent
全屋人安静地坐着
工具代替事物的名称,例如 : Lend me your ears, please
以作者代替作品,例如 : a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集VI
以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如 : I had the muscle, and they ma