学习好资料欢迎下载现在完成时( Present perfect)过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果,过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。基本结构:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词(done) ①肯定句:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+宾语 . ②否定句:主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词+宾语 . ③一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语 +动词的过去分词+宾语 . ④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句( have/has+主语 +过去分词 +其他)定义:(1) 强调动作是过去发生的(2) 强调对现在的影响或结果(3) 在过去不确定的时间里发生的动作,但是结果对现在有影响。但过去分词一定要选择准确。用法( 1)现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说 ,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在. I have spent all of my money.( 含义是 :现在我没有钱花了.) Jane has laid the table.(含义是 :现在桌子已经摆好了.) Michael has been ill.( 含义是 :现在仍然很虚弱) He has returned from abroad. ( 含义是 :现在已在此地 ) (2)现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作(用行为动词表示)或状态(be 动词表示)常与 for (+时间段) ,since(+时间点或过去时的句子)连用. ①for+ 时段②since+过去一个时间点(译为:自从⋯⋯ 以来)③since+时段 +ago ④since+从句(过去时)●⑤It is+ 时段 +since+从句(过去时)Mary has been ill for three days. I have lived here since 1998. ●注:瞬间动词 (buy,die,join,lose⋯⋯)不能直接与for since 连用。要改变动词come/arrive/reach/get to-----be ingo out----be outfinish----be over open----be open die----be dead ★1.have代替 buy My brother has had( 不能用 has bought) this bike for almost four years. ★2、用 keep或 have 代替 borrow I have kept(不能用 have borrowed) the book for quite a few days. ★3、用 be 替代 become How long has your sister been a teacher? ★4、用 have a cold 代替 catch a cold Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday. ★5、用 wear 代替 put on b)用“be+形容词 ”代终止性动词1、 be...