哥特式教堂的一些术语和词汇VIP专享VIP免费

最近在构建一个分类资料夹，为了得到详实全面的图片信息，我了解这些名词和术语的英文就十分重要。以下没有逐字翻译，释义方面看中文书籍就可以了，我也找了一些配图，便于感性认识。把部分成果弄出来，与我的网友们一起分享一下。TheVocabularyofGothicArchitecture1.Pinnacle:Asharplypointedornamentcappingthepiers墩；支柱orflyingbuttresses飞扶壁;alsousedoncathedralfacades.1.房顶尖塔，支墩或飞扶壁顶上的尖尖的装饰物；也用于大教堂的外墙。2.Flyingbuttresses:Masonrystrutsthattransferthethrustofthenave殿堂vaults拱顶acrosstheroofsofthesideaislesandambulatorytoatallpierrisingabovethechurch'sexteriorwall.Comparethecross-sectionofBeauvaisCathedral.2.飞扶壁：也称扶拱垛3.Vaultingweb:Themasonryblocksthatfilltheareabetweentheribsofagroinvault.4.Diagonalrib:Inplan,oneoftheribsthatformtheXofagroinvault.对角拱柱（十字肋）（AdiagonalribofaGothicvault.哥特式穹顶的对角拱柱）5.Transverserib:Aribthatcrossesthenave（教堂）殿堂；中殿oraisle走廊ata90-degreeangle.横肋，rib拱肋6.Springing:Theloweststoneofanarch;inGothicvaulting,theloweststoneofadiagonalortransverserib.拱底石。拱的最底下的石头。在哥特式的穹顶中，指十字肋或者横肋的最底的石头。7.Clerestory:Thewindowsbelowthevaultsthatformthenaveelevation'suppermostlevel.Byusingflyingbuttressesandribvaultsonpointedarches,Gothicarchitectscouldbuildhugeclerestorywindowsandfillthemwithstainedglassheldinplacebyornamentalstoneworkcalledtracery.8.Oculus:Asmallroundwindow.9.Lancet:Atall,narrowwindowcrownedbyapointedarch.又窄又高有个尖拱的窗。细长的窗户被称为“柳叶窗”，圆形的则被称为“玫瑰窗”10.Triforium:Thestoryinthenaveelevationconsistingofarcades,usuallyblind,butoccasionallyfilledwithstainedglass).11.Navearcade:Theseriesofarchessupportedbypiersseparatingthenavefromthesideaisles.中殿连拱，一组由支柱支撑的拱，分开了中殿和侧廊。12.Compoundpierwithshafts(responds):Alsocalledtheclusterpier,apierwithagroup,orcluster,ofattachedshafts,orresponds,extendingtothespringingofthevaults（compositepier）pier墩附加Fourcommontypesofvault.Abarrelvault(alsocalledacradlevault,tunnelvault,orwagonvault)hasasemicircularcrosssection.Agroin(orcross)vaultisformedbytheperpendicularintersectionoftwobarrelvaults.Arib(orribbed)vaultissupportedbyaseriesofarcheddiagonalribsthatdividethevault’ssurfaceintopanels.Afanvaultiscomposedofconcavesectionswithribsspreadingoutlikeafan.Pointedarch尖拱groinvault交叉拱normanarch诺曼式拱券molding线脚装饰线rib拱肋facade正面外墙ambulatory半圆回廊apse(尤指)教堂半圆形的后殿chapel礼拜堂cathedral天主教堂，大教堂church（泛指）教堂altar圣坛祭坛capital柱头arcade联拱abacus(圆柱)顶板