现在完成时延续性动词与非延续性动词

终止性动词的用法特征 1.终止性动词可用来表示某一动作完成，因此可用于现在完成时。如： The train has arrived.火车到了。 Have you joined the computer group?你加入电脑小组了吗？ 2.终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂，不能持续。因此，不可与表示一段时间的状语连用(只限肯定式)。如 (1)他死了三年了。 误：He has died for three years. 正：He has been dead for three years. 正：He died three years ago. 正：It is three years since he died. 正：Three years has passed since he died. (2)他来这儿五天了。 误：He has come here for five days. 正：He has been here for five days. 正：He came here five days ago. 正：It is five days since he came here. 正：Five days has passed since he came here. (1)、(2)句中的die、come 为终止性动词，不能与表示"段时间"的状语连用。那么，应如何正确表达呢？可以采用下面的四种方法： (1)将句中终止性动词转换为相应的延续性动词，如上面两例中的第一种正确表达方式。下面列举几例：leave→be away, borrow→keep, buy→have, begin/start→be on, die→be dead, move to→live in, finish→be over, join→be in/be a member of, open sth.→keep sth. open, fall ill→be ill, get up→be up, catch a cold→have a cold。 (2)将句中表示"段时间"的状语改为表示过去确定时间的状语，如下面两例中的第二种正确表达方式。 (3)用句型"It is+段时间+since..."表达原意，如上面两例中的第三种正确表达方式。 (4)用句型"时间+has passed+since..."表达原意，如上面两例中的第四种正确表达方式。 3.终止性动词可用于现在完成时否定式中，成为可以延续的状态，因而可与表示一段时间的状语连用。如 He hasn't left here since 1986. I haven't heard from my father for two weeks. 4.终止性动词的否定式与until/till 连用，构成"not+终止性动词+until/till ..."的句型，意为"直到……才……"。如： You can't leave here until I arrive.直到我到了，你才能离开这里。 I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight.今天晚上直到我画完画，我才上床睡觉。 5.终止性动词可以用于 when 引导的时...