江 苏 省 淮 阴 中 学2 0 1 8届高 三 第 二 学 期 英 语 练 习强化训练（六）编制：吴菊红校对：杨林I. 完形填空 Learning theorists emphasize the role of environmental influences inshaping the way aperson develops.1their view, child development is guided by both deliberate and2learning experiences in the home, peer group, school, and community. Therefore, childhood growthis significantly3by the efforts of parents, teachers, and others to4children indesirable ways. According to learning theories, the same5that explain how people can use abicycle or computer also explain how children acquire social skills, emotional self-control,reasoning strategies, and the6skills of walking and running.One kind of learning occurs when a child ’s actions are7by a reward or punishment. Areward increases the probability that behavior will be repeated. For example, a young child may8draw pictures because she receives praise from her parents after9each one. Apunishment decreases the probability that behavior will be repeated. For example, a child whotouches a hot stove and burns his fingertips is not10to touch the stove again.11kind of learning, classical conditioning, occurs when a person makes a12association between two events or stimuli (刺激). When conditioning has occurred, merelyencountering the first stimulus produces a response once associated only with the second stimulus.For example, babies begin sucking when they are put in a familiar nursing13, and childrenfear dogs whose barking has startled them in the past.A third kind of learning14of imitating the behavior of others. A boy may acquire hisfather’s15of talking, his mother’s tendency to roll her eyes, and his favorite basketballplayer’s moves on the16. In doing so, he also acqu...
