33 Monica Copyright 35. Internal control environment 控制环境★★ 定义:The internal or control environment is influenced by management's attitude towards control (tone at the top), the organisational structure and the values and abilities of employees.内控环境会受管理层对控制的态度(即公司高层确立的基调),组织架构和价值,以及员工能力的影响。以下因素会影响内控环境:★ 董事和管理层的哲学和经营风格 Philosophy and operating style 企业文化 Culture,内控是否被视为组织框架里的不可或缺的一部分 integral part of the organisational framework,或者强加于系统的其他部分 imposed on the rest of the system。 公司的组织结构 organisational structure,授权和责任委派的方式 methods of assigning authority and responsibility(包括权责分离和监督控制) 董事和员工的正直度 integrity,道德价值观 ethical values 和胜任能力 competence Risk culture 冒险文化★★ 文化是一种基本假设模式 pattern of basic assumptions,它是由一个团队发明,发现和发展出来的。是在学习中得出的处理问题的方式 cope with its problems,可以适应外部,整合内部。这些方式做得好 worked well enough,被认为有效的,因此,用来教育新人 taught to new members,以这种正确的方式,察觉,思考和感受问题。 Changing the culture 改变文化的方法★ 控制环境的重要性 对风险的意识,以及沟通交流 培训和融入 Training and invlovement 表现评价和量化评估 改变风险态度 Embedding risk awareness 嵌入的风险意识★★★ Risk awareness is a capability of an organisation to be able to recognise risks when they 34 Monica Copyright arise, from whatever source they may come.风险意识是一个组织在风险出现时能够意识到它的能力,不管是基于何种原因产生的风险 A culture of risk awareness suggests that this capability (or competence) is present throughout the organisation and is woven into the normal routines, ways of thinking and is embedded in all parts of the ...