哥特式建筑结构VIP专享

歌特大教堂的最著名,也是最易区别于其他风格教堂的三个特点,一个就是尖拱(Pointed Arch),一个是飞扶壁(Flying Buttress),还有拱肋(Ribs).(there are three most famous and distinctive features of the cathedral: pointed arch, flying buttress and ribs.) I:首先是关于拱(ARCH),以下是一些关于拱的相关词语,有助于我们更深入详细的了解(here is some keys words for Arch) 1.KEYSTONE(拱顶石) - the central stone of an arch or vault. 位于拱或者拱顶的中央的石头 2.VOUSSOIRS(拱石) - stones than make the arch (usually brick or wedge-shaped). 用于建造拱顶的石头(多数为砖或者楔形物) 3.IMPOST(起拱点,拱墩) - the part of the arch's wall (usually molding) on which the arch rests. 拱落脚的那一段拱墙(通常是线脚) 4.ABUTMENT - the part of the arch's wall which balances the force of gravity the arch makes (thrust) .拱墙上用于平衡拱的重力(一个推力)的部位 5.CENTER - the center point of the arch.拱的中央点 6.SPAN(跨度) - the width of the arch's opening. 拱的宽度 7.CROWN(冠) - the top part of an arch.拱的顶部 8.HAUNCH(拱角) - the part of the arch's wall which experiences the most thrust. 拱墙承受推力最大的地方 从下面这张图可以看到这些名词所指代的地方,可以对照序号观看:(check the pic below to find the corresponding place.) 在了解了这些基本知识以后,我们就进入下一步:拱的分类 如同在上一 PART 里说的” 歌特式建筑的一个重要特征便是它的pointed arch,也是它区别于罗曼式建筑的主要表征之一.最常见的歌特式拱有 Lancet, Equilateral 和 Ogee.”(as is said in Part 2, the pointed arch is one of the unique feature of Gothic architecture. The most common gothic arches are Lancet, Equilateral and Ogee.) 以下就是各式ARCH 的简图,这个作为一个简单的了解即可,不用深究: 这个就是标准的Gothic (Pointed)拱 Ogee: The double-curve ogee (oh-jee) was introduced from the Arab world in the 14th century and became popular throughout medi England. It was also ...