杭州师范大学硕士研究生招生考试命题纸2020年考试科目代码243考试科目名称二外英语（本考试科目共8页，第1页）杭州师范大学2020年招收攻读硕士研究生考试题考试科目代码：243考试科目名称：二外英语说明：考生答题时一律写在答题纸上，否则漏批责任自负。PartIReadingComprehension（SkimmingandScanning）(2×10=20points)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsontheAnswerSheet.Forquestions1-7,markY(forYES)ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;N(forNO)ifthestatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;NG(forNOTGIVEN)iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.TheParadoxofHappinessIt’splaincommonsense——themorehappinessyoufeel,thelessunhappinessyouexperience.It’splaincommonsense,butit’snottrue.Recentresearchrevealsthathappinessandunhappinessarenotreallyflipsidesofthesameemotion.Theyaretwodistinctfeelingsthat,coexisting,riseandfallindependently.“You’dthinkthatthehigheraperson’slevelofunhappiness,thelowertheirlevelofhappinessandviceversa,”saysEdwardDiener,aUniversityofIllinoisprofessorofpsychologywhohasdonemuchofthenewworkonpositiveandnegativeemotions.ButwhenDienerandotherresearchersmeasurepeople’saveragelevelsofhappinessandunhappiness,theyoftenfindlittlerelationshipbetweenthetwo.Therecognitionthatfeelingsofhappinessandunhappinesscancoexistmuchlikeloveandhateinacloserelationshipmayoffervaluablecluesonhowtoleadahappierlife.Itsuggests,forexample,thatchangingoravoidingthingsthatmakeyoumiserablemaywellmakeyoulessmiserablebutprobablywon’tmakeyouanyhappier.Thatadviceisbackedupbyanextraordinarilyseriesofstudieswhichindicatethatageneticpredispositionforunhappinessmayrunincertainfamilies.Ontheotherhand,researchershavefound,happinessdoesn’tappeartobeanyone’sheritage.Thecapacityforjoyisatalentyoudeveloplargelyforyourself.Psychologistshavesettledonaworkingdefinitionofthefeeling——happinessisasenseofsubjectivewell-being.They’vealsobeguntofindoutwho’shappy,whoisn’t,andwhy.Todate,theresearchhasn’tfoundasimplerecipeforahappylife,butithasdiscoveredsomeoftheactionsandattitudesthatseemtobringpeopleclosertothatmostdesiredoffeelings.Inanumberofstudiesofidenticalandfraternaltwins,researchershaveexaminedtherolegeneticsplaysinhappinessandunhappiness.Theworksuggeststhatalthoughnooneisreallyborntobehappy,sadnessmayruninfamilies.InoneUniversityofSouthernCaliforniastudy,psychologistLauraBakerandcolleaguescompared899individualswhohadtakenseveralcommonlyusedtestsforhappinessandunhappiness.Themenandwomenincluded105pairsofidenticalandfraternaltwinsaswellasgrandparents,parentsandyoungadultoffspringfrommorethan200otherfamilies.“Familymembers,”Bakerreports,“resembledeachothermoreintheirlevelsofunhappinessthanintheirlevelsofhappiness.”Furthermore,identicaltwinsweremuchcloserthanfraternaltwinsinunhappiness,afindingthatimpliesageneticcomponent.InastudyattheUniversityofMinnesota,twins(someraisedtogetherandotherswhohadgrownupapart)杭州师范大学硕士研究生招生考试命题纸2020年考试科目代码243考试科目名称二外英语（本考试科目共8页，第2页）weretestedforawiderangeofpersonalitytraits.Intermsofhappiness——definedasthecapacitytoenjoylife——identicaltwinswhowereseparatedsoonafterbirthwereconsiderablylessalikethantwinsraisetogether.Butwhenitcametounhappiness,thetwinsraisedapart——somewith...
