肾脏科 常用语 慢性肾功能衰竭(Chronic renal failure, CRF) 病因(Etiology) 1. Chronic glomerulonephritis 慢性肾炎[ɡlɔ,merjuləuni'fraitis] 2. Diabetes mellitus, DM 糖尿病[,daiə'bi:ti:z] ['melitəs] 3. Hypertension: Nephrosclerosis 高血压肾硬化['nefrəu,skliə'rəusis] 4. Chronic tubulointerstitial diseases 慢性小管间质性疾病 5. Polycystic kidney disease 多囊肾[,pɔli'sistik] 6. Others 其他 治疗(Treatment) 1. ACE inhibitors may slow progression 血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂可能减慢疾病进展 2. Treat reversible causes 治疗可逆性病因 3. Diet:Modest protein restriction with near normal caloric intake decreases nitrogen intake and avoids catabolism[kə'lɔrik] ['naitrədʒən] [kə'tæ bəlizəm] 饮食：适度限制蛋白，热量摄入基本正常，减少氮摄入，防止分解代谢。 4. Dialysis 透析[dai'æ lisis] Chronic hemodialysis (HD) is the mainstay of therapy for chronic renal failure, but chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) is also an alternative. [,hi:mədai'æ lisis; ,hem-] ['æ mbjulətəri] [,peritəu'ni:əl] 慢性血液透析是慢性肾功能不全的主要治疗方法，同时慢性非卧床腹膜透析也是另一种选择。 透析的绝对指征(Absolute indications for dialysis) 1. Uremic pericarditis with or without cardiac tamponade 尿毒症性心包炎伴或不伴心包压塞[,perikɑ:'daitis] [,tæmpə'neid] 2. Progressive motor neuropathy 进展性运动神经病变[njuə'rɔpəθi] 3. Intractable volume overload 难治性容量过负荷[in'træ ktəbl] 4. Life-threatening and intractable hyperkalemia or acidosis 威胁生命的难治性高钾血症或酸中毒 5. Toxins (e.g., ethylene glycol) 中毒（如乙二醇等）['eθili:n] ['ɡlaikɔl] 透析的相对指征(Relative indications for dialysis) 1. Fluid and electrolyte imbalances 体液和电解质紊乱 2. Volume-dependent hypertension 容量依赖的高血压 3. CNS abnormalities 中枢神经系统异常[,æ bnɔ:'mæ litiz] 4. Anemia and bleeding diatheses 贫血和出血体质[dai'...
