II. 名词的数：1.规则名词的复数形式：名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式背面加-s 或-es。现将构成措施与读音规则列表如下：规则例词1）一般状况在词尾加-s map-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days2）以 s,x,ch,sh 结尾的名词后加-es class-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes3）以-f 或-fe 结尾的词变-f 和-fe 为 v 再加-es leaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives, loaf-loaves, wife-wives 加-s belief-beliefs, chief-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs, gulf-gulfs4）以辅音字母加 y 结尾的名词，变 y 为 i 加-es party-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-cities5）以元音字母加 y 结尾的名词，或专有名词以 y 结尾的，加-s toy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays, Henry-Henrys6）以辅音字母加-o 结尾的名词一般加-es hero-heroes, Negro-Negroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes不少外来词加-s piano-pianos, photo-photos, auto-autos, kilo-kilos, solo-solos两者皆可 zero-zeros/zeroes, volcano-volcanoes/volcanos7）以元音字母加-o 结尾的名词加-s radio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos8）以-th 结尾的名词加-s truth-truths, mouth-mouths, month-months, path-paths,2.不规则名词复数：英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，现归纳如下：规则例词1）变化名词中的元音字母或其他形式man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice2）单复数相似 sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species li, yuan,jin,3）只有复数形式 ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, compasses, contents4）某些集体名词总是用作复数 people,police,cattle,staff5）部分集体名词既可以作单数（整体）也可以作复数（组员）audience,class,family, crowd,couple,group,committee,government,population,crew,team, public,enemy,party6）复数形式表达尤其含义 customs(海关),forces(军队),times(时代),spirits(情绪),drinks(饮料),sands(沙滩),papers(文献报纸),manners(礼貌),looks(外表), brains(头脑智力),greens(青菜),ruins(废墟)7）表达“某国人” 加-s Americans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans单复数同形 Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese以-man 或-woman 结尾的改为-men,-women Englishmen, Frenchwomen8）合成名词将主体名词变为复数sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boyfriends无主体名词时将最终一部分变为复数 grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches将两部分变为复数 women singers, men servants
