考点 08 构词法高考频度：★★★★★构词法一 派生法1.形容词变副词的后缀在形容词后加－ly 可变成对应意义的副词直接加－ly extreme → extremely 尤其，非常stupid → stupidly 傻地 改 y 为－ilyhappy → happily 快乐地merry → merrily 快乐地去 e 加－lytrue 真的 → truly 真地2.形容词变名词的后缀后缀例词－ageshort → shortage 局限性；短缺－cyefficient → efficiency 效率；功能accurate → accuracy 精确性－domfree → freedom 自由；自主wise → wisdom 明智；智慧－encedifferent → difference 差异silent → silence 沉默－nessweak → weakness 虚弱；弱点careless → carelessness 粗心大意－thstrong → strength 力气；强项wide → width 宽－y－ty－itydisable → disability 无能；残疾responsible → responsibility 责任3.动词变名词的后缀后缀例词－alapprove → approval 赞成；同意arrive → arrival 到来－anceappear → appearance 出现；外貌perform → performance 演出；节目－enceexist → existence 存在；生存refer → reference 参照；查阅－ionconstruct → construction 建设evaluate → evaluation 评估－ationconsider → consideration 考虑imagine → imagination 想象力－(s)siondiscuss → discussion 讨论；辩论admit → admission 接纳；准许入学－inghear → hearing 听 力 ； 听 觉 begin → beginning 开始－mentargue → argument 辩论；论据equip → equipment 设备－urefail → failure 失败；没做到press → pressure 压力－turemix → mixture 混合；混合物depart → departure 离开；出发－yrecover → recovery 恢复；痊愈discover → discovery 发现其他vary → variety 多样化；种类tend → tendency 趋向；趋势4.表达＂人＂的后缀在某些形容词、名词或动词背面加后缀变成具有某种职业或动作的人。常见的表达＂人＂的后缀有：后缀例词－ervillage → villager 村民strange → stranger 陌生人－arlie → liar 说谎者－eeemploy → employee 受雇者；雇员interview → interviewee 被面试者－orinvent → inventor 发明家educate → educator 教育家；教师－esssteward → stewardess 女乘务员host → ...
