论《德伯家的苔丝》中的功利主义思想摘要 托马斯•哈代小说《德伯家的苔丝》展现了农女苔丝身处维多利亚时期所经历的悲剧一生，农耕环境、社会发展、人的思想特质等诸多方面在资本主义发展进程中发生了前所未有的巨大变化，世俗功利观念所导致的劳资关系压榨、资本主义道德教化以及功利选择成为主人公悲剧的潜在原因。19 世纪英国社会奉行的功利主义思想深刻影响了传统的道德评价模式，通过研究小说人物的命运抉择与潜在心理，探索功利主义思想如何深刻影响不同阶级人物对于“利己”与“利他”行为的选择，思考哈代如何利用功利主义思想进行小说创作、解决伦理问题，反思特殊时代背景下人性中的“善”与“恶”是否遵循功利主义学说。关键词 哈代 《德伯家的苔丝》 功利主义思想 “善”与“恶”Study on Utilitarian Thought of Tess of the D’UrbervillesAbstract Thomas Hardy’s Tess of the D’Urbervilles shows the tragic life of the peasant girl Tess in Victorian England. The agricultural environment, social development, human’s ideological characteristics and many other aspects have changed unprecedentedly in the process of capitalist development. The oppression of labor relations, capitalist moral education and utilitarian choice caused by secular utilitarian ideas have become the potential causes of the tragedy of the protagonist. In the 19th century, the utilitarian thought of British society deeply influenced the traditional moral evaluation mode. By studying the fate choice and potential psychology of the characters in the novel, this paper explores how the utilitarian thought profoundly influenced the choice of "egoistic"and "altruistic" behaviors of the characters of different classes, and considers how Hardy used the utilitarian thought to create novels and solve ethical problems. This paper makes people reflect on whether the "good" and "evil" in human nature follow the utilitarian theory in the special era.Key words Hardy Tess of the D’Urb...
