宾语从句歌诀宾语从句三姊妹,that,if/whether,wh-/how 展风采。展风采有三关,引导词、语序、时态在把关。主从时态要一致,陈述语序永不变。陈述请你选 that,疑问需用 if/whether 连。特别问句作宾从,原来问词不用换。三关过后莫得意,人称、标点需注意。留意变脸的 if/when,从句的简化记心间。 一、三姊妹 宾语从句根据引导词的不同可分为三种类型: 1. 由 that 引导的宾语从句。如: We knew (that)we should learn from each other. 2. 由 if/whether 引导的宾语从句。如: Please tell me if/whether you have been to America. 3. 由 who,where,how 等连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。如: Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest post office? 二、三关 1. 引导词关 假如从句是陈述句,引导词用 that(that 在口语或非正式文体中常省略);假如从句是一般疑问句,引导词用 if/whether;假如从句是特别疑问句,引导词用由疑问词转换而来的疑问代词/副词。 2. 语序关 ①陈述句变为宾语从句,语序不变,即仍用陈述语序。如: He is an honest boy. The teacher said. →The teacher said (that)he was an honest boy. ②一般疑问句和特别疑问句变为宾语从句,语序变为陈述语序。如: Does he work hard?I wonder.→I wonder if/whether he works hard. When did he leave?I don’t know. →I don’t know when he left. 3. 时态关 ①假如主句是现在的时态,从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。如: ②假如主句是过去的某种时态,那么从句的时态一定要用过去的某种时态。如: He said(that)there were no classes yesterday. 注意:假如宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象等时,不管主句是什么时态,从句都要用一般现在时。如: He said that light travels much faster than sound. 三、人称的变化和标点的使用 1. 从句的主语假如是第一人称,变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致;假如是第二人称,则与主句的宾语一致;假如是第三人称,不用变化。如: “May I use your knife?”He asked me. →He asked me if he might use my knife. “Do you know her telephone number?”He asked me. →He asked me if I know her telephone number. 2. 宾语从句...