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如何认识西方的宪政如何认识西方的宪政—— 以美国为例—— 以美国为例 20-2.2420-2.24宪政的定义与特征宪政的定义与特征The constitutionalismThe constitutionalism The political principle of limited The political principle of limited government under a written or unwritten contract government under a written or unwritten contract (constitution). Constitutionalism assumes that (constitution). Constitutionalism assumes that sovereign people draw up a constitution, by the terms sovereign people draw up a constitution, by the terms of which a government is created and given powers. In of which a government is created and given powers. In the American system, the Supreme Court acts as the the American system, the Supreme Court acts as the guardian of the Constitution through its powers to void guardian of the Constitution through its powers to void governmental actions that exceed these limitations governmental actions that exceed these limitations (judicial review). The founding fathers also (judicial review). The founding fathers also incorporated into the system various limitations that incorporated into the system various limitations that restrain the individuals who exercise power. The most restrain the individuals who exercise power. The most significant of these include the separation of powers, significant of these include the separation of powers, checks and balances, federalism, subordination of checks and balances, federalism, subordination of military to civilian control, and Bill of Rights.military to civilian control, and Bill of Rights.-- The American Political Dictionary-- The American Political Dictionary宪政的定义与特征宪政的定义与特征一种政治原则一种政治原则一种政治体制一种政治体制一种政治文化一种政治文化宪政的定义与特征宪政的定义与特征...