Module1Unit1Grammar---Attributiveclause(二)---由关系副词引导的定语从句学习目标:掌握由关系代词引导的定语从句教学步骤:Step1:关系副词的用法关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。1)关系副词when,where,why的含义相当于\"介词+which\"结构,因此常常和\"介词+which\"结构交替使用。例如:Thereareoccasionswhen(onwhich)onemustyield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。Beijingistheplacewhere(inwhich)Iwasborn.北京是我的出生地。Isthisthereasonwhy(forwhich)herefusedouroffer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?2)that代替关系副词,可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when,where,why和\"介+which\"引导的定语从句,在口语中that常被省略。例如:Hisfatherdiedtheyear(that/when/inwhich)hewasborn.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。Heisunlikelytofindtheplace(that/where/inwhich)helivedfortyyearsago.他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。Step2:判断关系代词与关系副词方法一:用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如:ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIstayedlastyear.这是我去年呆过的山村。I\'llneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedtogetherwithyou.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。判断改错:(错)ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIvisitedlastyear.(错)IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIspentinthecountryside.(对)Thisisthemountainvillage(which)Ivisitedlastyear.(对)I\'llneverforgetthedays(which)Ispentinthecountryside.习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where,when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。方法二:准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。例1.Isthismuseum___youvisitedafewdaysage?A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone例2.Isthisthemuseum____theexhibitionwasheld.A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone答案:例1D,例2A例1变为肯定句:Thismuseumis___youvisitedafewdaysago.例2变为肯定句:Thisisthemuseum___theexhibitionwasheld.在句1中,所缺部分为宾语,而where,that,onwhich都不能起到宾语的作用,只有theone既做了主句的表语,又可做从句的宾语,可以省略关系代词,所以应选D。而句2中,主、谓、宾俱全,从句部分为句子的状语表地点,既可用副词where,又因inthemuseum词组,可用介词in+which引导地点状语。而此题中,介词on用的不对,所以选A。关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分,先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时,选择关系代词(who,whom,that,which,whose);先行词在从句中做状语时,应选择关系副词(where地点状语,when时间状语,why原因状语)。Step3:介词+关系词某些在从句中充当时间,地点或原因状语的\"介词+关系词\"结构可以同关系副词when和where互换。例如:ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago.这是我两年前住过的房子。ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub?还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗?Doyourememberthedaywhenyoujoinedourclub?注意:1)介词后面的关系词不能省略。2)that前不能有介词。Step4:Consolidation1.Thisistheplace_____Johnwasborn?A.whichB.whereC.whenD.that2.Heistheonlyperson____Iwanttotalkto.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.whose3.Isthisproblem_____theteacherexplainedlastweek?A.theoneB.thatC.whichD.one4.Thehighbuilding_____standfourpolicemenisthepolicestation.A.whichB.thatC.infrontofitD.infrontofwhich5.MymotherwillgiveMaryamodelplane_____shewillliketoplay.A.whichB.thatC.forwhichD.withwhich6.Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome_____Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfarawayvillage.A.untilB.thatCwhenD.where7.Therearetimes_____IwonderwhyIdothisjob.A.asB.whileC.whichD.when8.Afterlivin...