Section Ⅳ Grammar & Writing及物动词和不及物动词一、及物动词和不及物动词的概念动词的种类比较复杂，大致可以根据其在句子中的功能分为及物动词与不及物动词。及物动词是指后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词。不及物动词指的是本身意义完整后面不需要跟宾语的实义动词。The driver failed to see another car in time.司机没能及时看见另一辆车。She spoke at the meeting yesterday evening.她昨天晚上在会上发表讲话。二、及物动词和不及物动词的用法1．及物动词(1)后接宾语，作为宾语的可以是名词、代词、不定式、动名词和宾语从句。He reached Paris the day before yesterday.他前天到达巴黎。① 常见的要加不定式作宾语的动词有：decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish, refuse, manage, care, pretend, offer, promise, choose, plan, agree, ask/beg, help, afford 等。She pretended not to see me when I passed by.当我经过的时候，她假装没看见我。We agreed to meet here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet.我们同意在这儿见面但是到现在她还没出现。② 常见的要跟动名词作宾语的动词有：consider, suggest/advise, admit, delay/put off, fancy, avoid, miss, mind, deny, enjoy, imagine 等。We’re considering buying a new car.我们在考虑买一辆新车。You should avoid mentioning his divorce.你应该避免提及他离婚的事。③ 动词不定式作动词 tell, show, understand, explain, teach, learn, advise, discuss, ask, decide, wonder, find out 等词的宾语时，常构成“动词＋how, what, whether, where, when, who 等引导词＋to do 结构”。He showed us how to do the work.＝He showed us how we should do the work.他告诉我们怎样做这个工作。I don’t know what to do.＝I don’t know what I’ll do.我不知道该怎么办。(2)后接双宾语。有些动词后面可以接两个宾语，即指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语，这两个宾语称为“双宾语”，可以接双宾语的动词有 accord(给予), assign(分配), award(授予), bring(带来), give(给), hand(交给), leave(留给), lend(借给), offer(提供), make(使，制作), cook(做饭), build(建造)等。Please hand me the...
