介词的选用可根据从句中的相关词组确定一.几个基本概念1.定语从句的定义:用作定语的从句叫定语从句。2•先行词:被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。3•定语从句的位置:紧跟先行词(名词或代词)之后。4.引导词:引导定语从句的词(包括关系代词和关系副词)(1)关系代词:that/who/whom/which/as(2)关系副词:when/where/why5•引导词的位置:位于定语从句之前(先行词之后)°【as 除外】6•引导词的功能(作用):<1)连接先彳亍词和定语从句。(2)在定语从句中充当一定的成分(关系代词充当主语或宾语,关系副词充当状语)。7•定语从句的类型:<1)限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间无逗号)。① 直接由引导词引导定语从句Themanwhoyou'retalkingtoismyfriend.② 由介词+关系代词(whom/which)引导Themantowhomyou'retalkingismyfriend.IneedapenwithwhichIcanwritealetter.=IneedapieceofpaperonwhichIcanwritealetter.,该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前,也可放在从句之尾。例如:Theman(who/whom/that)ItalkedaboutatthemeetingisfromBeijingUniversity.=ThemanaboutwhomItalkedatthemeetingisfromBeijingUniversity.Thepalace(which/that)Ioftenpayavisittowasbuiltinthe17thcentury.=ThepalacetowhichIoftenpayavisitwasbuiltinthe17thcentury.(2)非限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间用逗号隔开)。① 直接由引导词引导定语从句。② 由介词+关系代词(whom/which)引导。Iliveinahousefarawayfromthecity,infrontofwhichisabigtree.Thereisanappletreestandingatthegate,onwhicharemanyapples.ThisisthemantowhomIgavethebook.③ 由“代词/名词+of+whom/which"或“ofwhich/whom+名词/代词”(先行词指人用 whom,扌旨物用 which)弓|导。One,some,any,none,all,both,several,many,most,neither,either 等词、数词、分数或百分比与ofwhom 或 ofwhich 连用。Hehasfivechildren,twoofwhomareabroad.(比较:Hehasfivechildren,andtwoofthemareabroad.)Wehavethreebooks,noneofwhichis/areinteresting.(比较:Wehavethreebooks,butnoneofthemis/areinteresting.)除 why 和 that 不能引导非限定性定语从句外,其余引导词都可以,用法同限定性定语从句一样。但要注意以下区别。1.在形式上非限定性定语从句与主句有逗号隔开。2.非限定性定语从句的作用:它只是补充说明先行词的情况,翻译时可译成两个句子。Theengineer,who...