第一部分：语法知识提要第一章、名词复习I. 名词的种类：专有名词普通名词国名.地名.人名，团体.机构名称可数名词不可数名词个体名词集体名词抽象名词物质名词The United StatesThe United NationsBoy; girl; student; desk; Family; people; class; government; enemythought; banner; Water; cotton; wood; II. 名词的数：1. 规则名词的复数形式：名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s 或-es。现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下：规则例词1一般情况在词尾加-smap-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days2以 s, x, ch, sh 结尾的名词后加-esclass-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes3以-f 或-fe 结尾的词变-f 和-fe 为 v 再加-esleaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives, loaf-loaves, wife-wives加-sgulf-gulfs, roof-roofs, serf-serfs, chief-chiefs, belief-beliefs, proof-proofs, handkerchief-handkerchiefs4以辅音字母加 y 结尾的名词，变 y 为 i 加-esparty-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-cities5以元音字母加 y 结尾的名词，或专有名词以 y结尾的，加-stoy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays, Henry-Henrys6以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词一般加-eshero-heroes, Negro-Negroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes不少外来词加-spiano-pianos, photo-photos, auto-autos, kilo-kilos, solo-solos两者皆可zero-zeros/zeroes, volcano-volcanoes/ volcanos7以元音字母加-o 结尾的名词加-sradio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos8以-th 结尾的名词加-struth-truths, mouth-mouths, month-months, path-paths,2. 不规则名词复数：英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，现归纳如下：规则例词1 改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice 2 单复数相同sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species li, yuan, jin, 3 只有复数形式ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, compasses, contents4 一些集体名词总是用作复数people, police, cattle, staff5 部分集体名词既可以作单数（整体）也可以作复数（成员）audience, class, family, crowd, couple, group, committee, government, population, crew, team, pub...
