半年网络工程师英文真题、译文及答案Routingprotocolsusedifferenttechniquesforassigning(71)toindividualnetworks.Further,eachroutingprotocolformsametricaggregationinadifferentway.Mostroutingprotocolscanusemultiplepathsifthepathshaveanequal(72).Someroutingprotocolscanevenusemultiplepathswhenpathshaveanunequalcost.Ineithercase,load(73)canimproveoverallallocationofnetworkbandwidth.Whenmultiplepathsareused,thereareseveralwaystodistributethepackets.Thetwomostcommonmechanismsareper-packetloadbalancingandper-destinationloadbalancing.Per-packetloadbalancingdistributesthe(74)acrossthepossibleroutesinamannerproportionaltotheroutemetrics,Per-destinationloadbalancingdistributespacketsacrossthepossibleroutesbasedon(75).(71)A.callsB.metricsC.linksD.destinations(72)A.userB.distanceC.entityD.cost(73)A.bracketingB.balancingC.downloadingD.transmitting(74)A.destinationsB.resourcesC.packetsD.sources(75)A.destinationsB.resourcesC.packetsD.sources参考译文各种路由协议使用不同的技术来为网络赋予度量值。进一步说,每一种路由协议都形成了不同的度量汇聚模式。大部分路由协议在各个通路具有相等费用时可以使用多个通路。某些路由协议甚至在各个通路费用不相等时也可以使用多个通路。在上述任何一种情况下.负载均衡都可以改进网络带宽的全局分配。当使用多个通路时,可以使用多种方法来分配分组。两种最通常的机制是按分组进行负载均衡和按目标进行负载均衡。按分组进行负载均衡是指按照路由度量的比例向各个可能的路由上分配分组。按目标进行负载均衡是指根据目标向各个可能的路由上分配分组。参考答案(71)B(72)D(73)B(74)C(75)A09上半年网络工程师英文真题、译文及答案TheBorderGatewayProtocol(BGP)isaninterautonomoussystem(71)protocol.TheprimaryfunctionofaBGPspeakingsystemistoexchangenetwork(72)informationwithotherBGPsystem.ThisnetworkreachabilityinformationincludesinformationonthelistofAutonomousSystem(ASs)thatreachabilityinformationtraverses.BGP-4providesanewsetofmechanismsforsupporting(73)interdomainrouting.ThesemechanismsincludesupportforadvertisinganIP(74)andeliminatetheconceptofnetworkclasswithinBGP.BGP-4alsointroducesmechanismsthatallowaggregationofroutes,including(75)ofASpaths.Thesechangesprovidesupportfortheproposedsupernetttingscheme.(71)A.connectingB.resolvingC.routingD.supernettting(72)A.secubilityB.reachabilityC.capabilityD.reliability(73)A.answerlessB.connectionlessC.confirmlessD.classless(74)A.prefixB.suffixC.infixD.reflex(75)A.reservationB.relationC.aggregationD.connection参考译文边界网关协议BGP是自治系统时间的路由协议。BGP发布系统的基本功能就是与其他BGP系统交换网络可达性信息。这种网络可到达性信息包含了可到达性信息穿越的自治系统的列表。BGP-4提供了一系列新的机制来支持无类别的域间路由。这些机制包括支持发布IP前缀,从而在BGP中排除了网络类别的概念。BGP-4也引入了路由聚合机制,包括AS通路的聚合。这些改变提供了对提议的超网方案的支持。参考答案(71)C(72)B(73)D(74)A(75)C08下半年网络工程师英文真题、译文及答案Theusualwaytoensurereliabledeliveryistoprovidethe(71)withsomefeedbackaboutwhatishappeningattheotherendoftheline.Typically,theprotocolcallsforthereceivertosendbackspecial(72)framebearingpositiveornegative(73)abouttheincomingframes.Ifthesenderreceivesapositiveacknowledgementaboutaframe,itknowstheframehasarrivedsafely.Ontheotherhand,anegativeacknowledgementmeansthatsomethinghasgonewrong,andtheframemustbetransmittedagain.Anadditionalcomplicationcomesfromthepossibilitythathardware...