2011 高考英语备考(考点聚焦+名题导解) 定语从句一、考点聚焦 1、功能:相当于形容词,修饰名词或代词,在句中作定语2、位置:定语从句置于被修饰词之后Those who are willing to attend the party, sign here please.3、先行词:被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词(1)先行词一般是名词和不定代词,如:some-, any-, every-和 no 与-boy, -thing的合成词;或 all、none、any、some、that、those 等代词。数词也可以作先行词,人称代词也同样可作先行词。(2)先行词与关系词是等量关系。必须注 意两点:① 先行词在从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。This is the place which is worth visiting.② 关系词在从句句子中充当了成分,其意思就是先行词的意义,所以在从句中不能重复其意。There are many places we can visit(them)in China.4、关系词:引导定语从句的都称关系词关系代词:who, whom, which, that, whose, as。关系副词:when, where, why。that 偶尔也作关系副词。5、确定关系词的步骤(1)先找关系词,看先行词指的是什么。(2)看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。6、在定语从句中,当先行词指物时,下列情况的关系词宜用 that 而不用 which( 1 ) 先 行 词 被 ① 形 容 词 最 高 级 ② 序 数 词 ③ 数 词 几 种 词 修 饰 或 被 ④ only、any、few、little、no、all、one of 等修饰时。(2)先行词为 all、much、little、none、few、one、something、anything 等不定代词时。(3)先行词中既有人又有物时。He was looking pleasantly at te children and parcels that filled his bus.(4)先行词在主句中作表语 关系词在从句中作表语时。The village is no longer the one that was 5 years ago.(5)当主句中含有疑问词 which 时。Which are the books that you bought for me ?7、宜用 which 而不用 that 的情况(1)在非限制性定语从句中(2)在关系词前有介词时(3)当先行词本身是 that 时(4)当关系词离先行词较远时8、关系词 who 与 that 指人时,也有不同情况分别用不同的关系词(1)当主句是 there be 句型时,关系词用 who。(2)先行词是为 anyone、those、someone、everyone、one 等词时,关系词用 who。(3)当主句是 who 作疑问词时,关系词用 that。Who ...