2012 年高三一轮复习金子般的学案语法部分:定语从句(新人教版)1. 定语从句:修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。2. 先行词:被定语从句修饰的那个名词或代词称为先行词。3. 关系词:引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词:who, whom, whose, which, that, as 等;关系副词:where, when, why 等。关系词常有三个作用:引导定语从句;代替先行词;在定语从句中充当一个成分。例如:Harry Potter is the most interesting novel that I have read. (that I have read 是定语从句;novel 是先行词;that 是关系代词,代替先行词 novel,在从句中作 have read 的宾语。) 关系词指代人或物以及在定语从句中充当的成分关系词指代人或物定语从句中充当的成分关系代词that[ ]人或物[ ]主语、宾语、[ ][ ]表语或状语which物或主句内容主语、宾语或定语who人主语或宾语whom人宾语whose人或物定语as人或物或主句内容主语或宾语关系副词when时间状语where地点状语why原因状语4. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句形式上不用逗号和主句隔开,是先行词不可缺少的部分,去掉它主句意思往往不明确,翻译成先行词的定语,“……的……”。非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明,去掉了也不会影响主句的意思,它与主句之间通常用逗号分开,通常翻译成主句的并列句。关系代词 that 和关系副词 why 不能引导非限制性定语从句。His brother who is now a lawyer always encourages him to go to college. 他那个现在是律师的哥哥总是鼓励他上大学。(他还有其他的哥哥)用心 爱心 专心1 His brother, who is now a lawyer, always encourages him to go to college. 他的哥哥,现在是律师,总是鼓励他上大学。(他只有一个哥哥)一、关系代词的使用【例句观察】 ①She is the woman (whom / that / who)I wanted to see yesterday. 她是我昨天想看的那个女的。 ②The package (which / that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你扛着的包裹马上要拆开。③Obama won the Nobel Prize for Peace in the year 2009, which we hadn't expected. Obama 在 2009 年得诺贝尔和平奖是大家都没想到的。 ④Your parents are the ones to whom...