陕西省定边县第四中学高中英语 Unit 2 Sailing the oceans 背景材料 文章 Captain James Cook素材 新人教版选修9VIP专享

陕西省定边县第四中学高中英语 Unit 2 Sailing the oceans 背景材料 文章 Captain James Cook 素材 新人教版选修 9詹姆斯·库克是 18世纪英国最伟大的航海家和探险家之一 。在他传奇般的一生里曾多次率队进行探险航行，尤其是他 探索太平洋和南极洲的伟大航行为世界科学的发展做出 了巨大的贡献。Captain James Cook was a British explorer and navigator. Born on October 27, 1728, in a poor family in Marten, Yorkshire, Britain, C ook finally rose to the rank of Captain in the Royal Navy. During his life, he commanded three voyages of discovery for Great Britain, and sailed around the world twice. His voyages led to the establishment of colonies（殖民地）throughout the Pacific Ocean by several European countries. At age 18, he became an apprentice （ 学 徒 ） to a shipping company, and joined the British Navy at 27 in 1755. In 1768, the Navy appointed him leader of a scientific expedition to Tahiti, and he set out on his first voyage round the world in the ship Endeavour, which was a great success. In Octo ber, 1769, Cook became the first European to land on New Zealand. On Augu st 22, 1770, he claimed for Great Britain the eastern coast of Australia. And during his return trip to England in 1771, Cook was the first ship commander to prevent the outbreak of scurvy by serving his members fruit and sau erkraut ( 泡 菜 ) to prevent the illness. In 1778, he became the first European to reach the Hawaiian Islands. Later in 1778, he sailed up the northwest coast of North America, and became the first European to land on Vancouver Island.Help:accurately adv. able to give completely correct information or to do sth. in an exact way 精确地，准确地attribute v. to say or believe that sth. is the result of a particular thing 归因于, 归结于exceed v. to do more than the law or an order, etc, allows you to do 超越（法律、命令等）的限制