英语中的否定

英语中得否定一、否定概念1．否定得基本特征：含有否定词（语）。例如：⑴ not, never, seldom, hardly, nor, ⑵ no, few, , neither, ⑶ none, nothing, nobody, ⑷ without, but, except含有否定词缀得词，也就是一种否定意义得表达手段。但不属于否定结构或否定句。2．否定范围否定范围指否定意义在句中涉及得范围。一般讲，从否定词开始到句末，或到表示停顿得标点为止。在口语中，句末用升调，表示修饰形状语在否定范围之内，反之则在范围之外。下列句子得划线部分就是否定范围：（1）I didn’t see Jack in the cinema yesterday、（2）None of them passed the exam、（3）I didn’t go there because I was afraid of him、 （4）I didn’t go there, because I was afraid of him、 （我没去那儿，因为我怕她。）句（3）在书面语中意义不明确：可能就是“我没去那儿，因为我怕她”； 也可能就是“我去那儿并不就是因为怕她”。所以最好避开，或改写成句（4）与句（5）两个意思不同但明确得句子。 （5）I did go there not because I was afraid of him、 3、 否定转移 从结构上瞧， not 通常用于否定动词。但实际意义上讲，not 真正要否定得焦点可能就是否定范围中得其她成分。这种情况称为否定转移。例如： （6）Shut up、 I didn’t come to listen to your stupid excuse、=(7) I came here not to listen to your excuse、 (8) I don’t think it will rain tomorrow、 =(9) I think it will not rain tomorrow、 (10) I do not go to school by bike everyday、=(11) I go to school by bike at times, but not everyday、二、常见得否定手法1．全句否定与局部否定 （也称“一般否定与特指否定”）1．1 全句否定(general negation)：结构上 not, never 否定谓语或 no 否定名词。（12）They are not interested in these subject、 (13) You can’t take these books out of the reading-room、 (14) There is no time to be lost、1．2 局部否定(special negation)：not 置于某个特定对象之前。（15）You must always remember not to become conceited、 (16) The moon gives no light of its own、局部否定用得很少，通常采纳全句否定形式。...