非谓语动词与独立主格结构非谓语动词分为三类:不定式(infinitive)、动名词(gerund)与分词(participle)。其特点就是:1.不定式、动名词与分词可以做很多句子成分,但就就是不能单独做谓语,这也就是它们被称为"非谓语动词"得原因。2.它们具有各种形态:一般式、主动态、被动态、进行态与完成态。3.不定式与动名词可以做主语、宾语、表语、补语等。但不管起什么作用,它们都具有动词得功能,但无语法上得动词性质,这一点可以通过它们不受主语得人称与数得限制体现出来。4.分词起形容词与副词作用,可做表语、定语、状语,但不能做主语与宾语。它也不受主语人称与数得限制。一.不定式(一) 形式 语态时态主动形式被动形式一般式to doto be done完成式to have doneto have been done进行式to be doing 完成进行式to have been doing 1、完成式 不定式得一般形式所表示得动作, 通常与主要谓语表示得动作(状态)同时(或几乎同时)发生, 或就是在它之后发生、 假如不定式所表示得动作, 在谓语所表示得动作(状态)之前发生, 就要用不定式得完成式、I am glad to have seen your mother (= I am glad I have seen your mother)、(比较: I am glad to see you、)He is said to have written a new book about workers、He pretended not to have seen me、2、进行式 假如主要谓语表示得动作(状态)发生时, 不定式表示得动作正在进行, 这时要用不定式得进行式、You are not supposed to be working、 You haven’t quite recovered yet、We didn’t expect you to be waiting for us here、He pretended to be listening attentively、 3、完成进行式 在谓语所表示得时间之前一直进行得动作, 就要用不定式得完成进行式、The struggle was known to have been going for twenty years、We are happy to have been working with you、4、被动式当不定式得逻辑上得主语就是不定式所表示得动作得承受者时, 不定式一般要用被动形式、It is an honor for me to be asked to speak here、She hated to be flattered、He wanted the letter to be typed at once、【 例 】 Sir Denis, who is 78, has made it known that much of his collection ______ to the nation、 A) has left B) is to leave C) leav...
