定语从句【考纲解读】根据考纲要求,考生应做到:1.熟练掌握关系代词和关系副词引导的定语从句;2.区分限制性和非限制性定语从句;3. 定语从句中的主谓一致；4. which 与 that 的区别；as 与 which 的区别；whose 与 of which 的转换。【预习导学】一、关系代词引导的定语从句1．who, whom, whose 引导的定语从句(1)who 或 whom 均可指代人，但 who 在从句中作主语或宾语，whom 在从句中作宾语；两者在引导限制性定语从句时常可用 that 替换。作主语时，who/that 不可省略；作宾语时，whom/who/that可以省略。①I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school ___________________I met in the English speech contest last year.我与好几位去年在英语演讲比赛中结识的同校同学成了好朋友。②I have many friends to __________ I’m going to send post cards.我有很多打算寄贺卡给他们的朋友。(2)whose 表所属关系，一般指人，也可指物，在从句中作定语。指物时相当于 of which；指人时相当于 of whom。The school shop, _____________ customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays.这家校内商店的主要顾客是学生，放假时商店关门。2．that, which 引导的定语从句(1)which 指物，在从句中可以作主语、宾语，也可作定语，作宾语时可以省略。that 指人或物均可，在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语，作宾语时可以省略。She showed the visitors around the museum ____________ had been constructed three years before.她带着这些游客参观了那座三年前建造的博物馆。(2)限制性定语从句中，关系代词只用 that 不用 which 的情况：① 先行词为不定代词 anything, nothing, something, everything, all, some, none, little, few, the one 等时。I refuse to accept the blame for something ___________ was someone else’s fault.我拒绝接受因别人的错误而对我进行的指责。② 先行词是形容词最高级或序数词，或先行词前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。The first place ________ they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.他们在桂林参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。③ 先行词被 the only, the very, the last, the same, any, every, each, few, little, ...
