第 4 讲 词义猜测类题型概述题型破解1 语境分析猜词义解题指导 词义猜测常用的五种方法：1.基本构词法：根据前后缀、合成及词性转换去猜测词义；2.同义或定义解释法：上下文中以某种方式对其进行解释，如利用 or, that is (to say), in other words, namely 等词语进行解释，或利用破折号、同位语(从句)、定语从句等进行解释；3.前后对比法：上下文中往往对生词提供一定的对比背景，且常以反义或对照的方式出现，以此可推测出生词的含义；4.因果推断法：结合上下文的因果关系进行猜测；5.语境理解法：要准确猜测出生词的含义大多需要根据上下文语境去分析和推断。[典例] (2019·全国卷Ⅰ·B 篇) ... But he's nervous. “I'm here to tell you today why you should ... should ...” Chris trips on the “－ld”， a pronunciation difficulty for many non － native English speakers. His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whispering support. “... Vote for ... me ...”Except for some stumbles,_Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion, Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him. ... 25．What does the underlined word “stumbles” in paragraph 2 refer to?A．Improper pauses. B．Bad manners.C．Spelling mistakes. D．Silly jokes.解析 A 根据第二段中的“you should ... should ...”以及“... Vote for ... me ...”这样的语句特点可知，Chris 的演讲不流畅，也就是说有不适当的停顿。这是他表现不好的地方，与画线词后的句意“他完成得非常好”构成转折关系，与短语 except for 的语意相呼应。故选 A。2 就近原则猜指代解题指导 猜测代替词的指代内容，要求考生判断代词(it, one, they, this, that, these, those, which 等)或助动词(do, does, did 等)具体替代什么。可按以下三步进行：返回原文，找到指代词→向上(有时向下)搜索，找最近的名词、代词、短语或句子→将找到的词、词组或句子代入替代该指代词，看意思和逻辑关系是否通顺，从而确定最佳选项。[典例] (2017·全国卷Ⅰ·C 篇) ... Despite the celebrations, though, in the US the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow ol...
