大型旋转机械状态监测与故障诊断讲义深圳市创为实技术发展有限公司二00五年十二月目录第一节状态监测与故障诊断的基本知识一、状态监测与故障诊断的意义............................................................................4二、大机组状态监测与故障诊断常用的方法........................................................41．振动分析法....................................................................................................42．油液分析法....................................................................................................53．轴位移的监测................................................................................................54．轴承回油温度及瓦块温度监测....................................................................55．综合分析法....................................................................................................5三、有关振动的常用术语........................................................................................51．机械振动........................................................................................................52．涡动、进动、正进动、反进动、弓状回转................................................63．振动的基本参数—振幅、频率、相位........................................................64．相对轴振动、绝对轴振动、轴承座振动....................................................95．径向振动、横向振动、轴向振动................................................................96．刚度、阻尼、临界阻尼................................................................................97．临界转速......................................................................................................108．刚性转子、挠性转子..................................................................................109．挠度、弹性线、主振型、轴振型..............................................................1010．通频振动、选频振动、工频振动............................................................1111．谐波、次谐波............................................................................................1112．同步振动、异步振动、亚异步振动、超异步振动................................1213．共振、高次谐波共振、次谐波共振........................................................1214．简谐振动、周期振动、准周期振动、瞬态振动、冲击振动、随机振动......................................................................................................................................1215．自由振动、受迫振动、自激振动、参变振动........................................1316．高点、重点................................................................................................1417．同相振动、反相振动................................................................................1518．机械偏差、电气偏差、晃度....................................................................1519．旋转失速、喘振........................................................................................1620．半速涡动、油膜振荡................................................................................17第二节状态监测与故障诊断的基本图谱18一、常规图谱..........................................................................................................181．机组总貌图....................................................................................................
