高考英语二轮复习 专题三 阅读理解 第三节 题组训练 2 科普知识-人教版高三英语试题VIP免费

第三节题组训练2科普知识A(2017·河东区一模)Doyoueverwishforalittlemoretimetodoeverythingyouneedtodo？Well，onJuly1you’llbegettingit—butonlyonemoresecond.OnJuly1atexactly7：59：59a．m.Beijingtime(oronJune30at23：59：59UTC，CoordinatedUniversalTime)，theworld’satomic(原子的)clockswillpauseforasinglesecond，or，moreprecisely，changetotheunusualtimeof7：59：60，accordingtotheverge.com.Theadditionofaleapsecond(闰秒)，announcedbytheParisObservatory，istokeepourclocksintimewiththeslowingofEarth’srotation(旋转)andastronomicaltimeasmeasuredbythesun.Justoneextrasecondcouldcausebigproblemsandaffectthewaycomputersandwebsiteswork，however.Whenthelastleapsecondwasaddedbackin2012，morethanafewwebsiteshadsometrouble.AsreportedbyPhys.org，popularsiteslikethecommunitywebsiteRedditcrashedwhentheleapsecondwasadded.ForReddit，theproblemwaseventuallyfoundtobewithaLinuxsystemthatgotconfusedwhenitcheckedthenetworktimeandfoundanextrasecond.SpeakingtoWiredabouttheproblembackin2012，LinuxcreatorLinusTorvaldscommented：“Almosteverytimewehavealeapsecond，wefindsomething.It’sreallyannoying，becauseit’scode(代码)thatisalmostneverused，andthusnottestedbyusersundertheirnormalconditions.”Companieshavehadtothinkoftheirownsolutions，andGoogle’s“leapsmear”maybethebest-knownexample.AscompanyengineerChristopherPascoeexplainsinablogpost，companiesusuallytrytofixtheproblembyturningbacktheclocksbyonesecondattheendofthedaysothattheyplaythatsecondagain.However，Pascoebelievesthiscreatesproblems.Heasked：“Whathappens？Doese-mailthatcomesinduringthatsecondgetstoredcorrectly？”Googlehasasolution：Cuttheextrasecondintomillisecondsandthenputthesetinyamountsoftimeintothesystemthroughouttheday.“Thismeansthatwhenitbecametimetoaddanextrasecondatmidnight，”saysPascoe.“Ourclockshavealreadytakenthisintoaccountoverthecourseoftheday.”FormanycompanieswithoutGoogle’smoney，however，theleapsecondwilllikelystillcausesomecrashes.Don’tworry，though—atleastitwon’tlastlong!语篇解读本文主要介绍了“闰秒”带来的影响及其解决方案。1．Whydoweneedtoaddaleapsecond?A．Theworld’satomicclocksaresettodoso.B．Tokeepintimewiththeworld’scomputers.C．TokeepatomicclocksintimewiththeslowingofEarth’srotation.D．Torecordthechangestoastronomicaltime.答案C解析细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“Theadditionofaleapsecond(闰秒)，announcedbytheParisObservatory，istokeepourclocksintimewiththeslowingofEarth’srotation(旋转)andastronomicaltimeasmeasuredbythesun.”可知，闰秒是由于地球自转变慢引起的，为了与由太阳测量的天文时间一致而增加一秒，故选C。2．WhathappenedtothewebsiteRedditwhentheleapsecondwasaddedin2012?A．Itcrashedbecauseofavirusattack.B．Itsnetworktimeaddedtwoextraseconds.C．AllofthecodeinitsLinuxsystemwentwrong.D．Oneofitssoftwaresystemsgotconfusedandthesitebrokedown.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句和第四段中“theproblemwaseventuallyfoundtobewithaLinuxsystemthatgotconfusedwhenitcheckedthenetworktimeandfoundanextrasecond”可知，闰秒发生时，网站崩溃，运行系统混乱，故选D。3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“something”refertointhe5thparagraph?A．Thecodenotworkingproperly.B．Theextrasecond.C．Theproblem.D．Normalconditions.答案A解析代词指代题。根据文章第五段中“wefindsomething.It’sreallyannoying，becauseit’scode(代码)thatisalmostneverused，andthusnottestedbyusersundertheirnormalconditions”可知，something指代后文出现的一些从没使用过和测...