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专题限时检测(二十三)阅读理解词义猜测类之代词指代题(加★的为代词指代题，本卷限时23分钟)A(2017·南京市、盐城市高三模拟考试)Alittlesocialsupportfromyourbestbudsgoesalongway,whetheryou'reahumanorachimpanzee(黑猩猩).AnewstudythatfollowedachimpanzeecommunityintheforestsofUgandahasfoundthatqualitytimewithclosecompanionssignificantlydecreasedstresshormonelevelsintheprimates—whethertheywereresting,groomingorfacingoffagainstrivalgroups.Thefindings,describedthisweekinthejournalNatureCommunications,shedlightonthephysiologicaleffectsofclosecompanionshiponchimpanzees—andcouldhaveimplicationsforhumanhealthtoo.Researchershavelongknownthatstresscanworsenhealthandraisetheriskofearlydeathinhumansaswellasothersocialmammals.“Itcanhaveeffectsonimmunefunction,cardiofunction,fertility,cognition,andevenyourmood，”saidstudycoauthorKevinLangergraber,aprimatologistatArizonaStateUniversity.Maintainingclosesocialbondscanhelptheseanimals(humansincluded)reducesomeofthatstress,potentiallyminimizingsomehealthrisks.Butscientistshaveyettopindowntheexactphysiologicalmechanismsatwork.“Socialbondsmakeyousurviveandproducebetter—buthowdotheydothat？”Langergrabersaid.Tofindout,theinternationalteamofresearchersstudiedmembersoftheSonsochimpanzeecommunityinUganda'sBudongoForest,agroupconsistingof15males,35femalesand28juvenilesandinfantsduringthestudyperiodfromFebruary2008toJuly2010.Likehumans,chimpanzeestendtohavebesties—bondpartnerswithwhomtheyappeartofeelclose.Theresearcherswantedtoseewhetherinteractionswiththesebondpartnersledtolowerstresslevelsduringparticularlystressfulsituations,suchaswhenfightingrivalgroups,orwhethertimespentwithfriendshelpedlowerstresslevelsmoregenerally,throughouttheday.Thescientistsobservedthechimpanzeesperformthreetypesofactivities:resting,groomingorquarrellingwithothergroupsofchimpanzees.Theresearcherskepttrackofwhetherthechimpanzeesweredoinganyofthesethreethingswiththeirbondpartnersorwithotherchimpanzeesintheirgroup.Ateamofuptosixobserverswatchedthechimpanzeesandfollowedthemaroundtocollecturine(尿液)samples.Thesamples,collectedfromnineadultmaleandeightadultfemalechimpanzees,weretestedtoseehowmuchofthestresshormonecortisoltheycontained.Thescientistsfoundthatchimpanzees'levelsofurinarycortisolwere23%lower,onaverage,duringtheactivitieswhentheywerewiththeirbondpartner.Thiswasespeciallytrueforstressfulactivities,suchastheintergrouprivalries,whereanychimpanzeeonthefrontlinemightfacephysicalharmorevendeath.Thefindingsinchimpanzees,someofourclosestlivingrelatives,couldshedlightontherolesuchclosesocialrelationshipsplayinhumanhealthtoo,hesaid.Suchfriendshipsmaybejustasimportantduringgoodtimesasbad—thoughmoreresearchneedstobedonebeforeanyconclusionscanbedrawn.“Thishasinterestforalotofpeopleinamedicalcontextaswell，”Langergrabersaid.1．ThescientistscarriedoutresearchintoachimpanzeecommunityinUganda________.A．toseekevidenceofbenefitsofsocialbondsfromphysiologicalanglesB．touncoverwhethersocialbondsmakehumanssurviveC．tostudyhowchimpanzeesperformthreetypesofactivitiesD．totrainchimpanzeestomaintainclosesocialbondswitheachother解析：选A推理判断题。根据第五至七段内容可推断，科学家们对黑猩猩群落进行研究是为了从生理角度寻求能证明社会关系的益处的证据。故选A项。★2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”inParagraph10referto?A．Observers.B．Chimpanzees.C．Urinesamples.D．Bondpartners.解析：选C代词指...