Unit1WomenofachievementⅠ.阅读理解A(2018·山东烟台高三期中考试)WomenNobelPeacePrizelaureates(获奖者)arefewerinnumberthanmenwhohavebeenawardedthePrize,eventhoughitmayhavebeenawoman’speaceactivism(行动主义)whichinspiredAlfredNobeltocreatetheaward.Inrecentdecades,thepercentageofwomenamongthewinnershasincreased.1.BaronessBerthayonSuttnerAfriendofAlfredNobel,Baronesswasaleaderintheinternationalpeacemovementinthe1890s,andshereceivedsupportfromNobelforherAustrianPeaceSociety.WhenNobeldied,shebequeathed(遗赠)moneyforfourprizesforscientificachievements,andoneforpeace.In1905,shewasthefirstwomantobeawardedtheNobelPeacePrize.2.JaneAddamsJaneAddams,bestknownasthefounderofHull-House,asettlementhouseinChicago,wasactiveinpeaceeffortsduringWorldWarⅠwiththeInternationalCongressofWomen.JaneAddamsalsohelpedtofoundtheWomen’sInternationalLeagueforPeaceandFreedom.Shewasnominated(提名)numeroustimes,butthePrizewenteachtimetoothersuntil1931.Shewas,bythattime,inpoorhealth,andcouldnottraveltoacceptthePrize.3.MotherTeresaBorninSkopje,MotherTeresafoundedtheMissionariesofCharityinIndiaandfocusedonservingthedying.Shewasskilledatpublicizingherorder’sworkandthusfinancingtheexpansionofitsservices.ShewasawardedtheNobelPeacePrizein1979forherworkinbringinghelptosufferinghumanity.4.WangariMaathaiWangariMaathaifoundedtheGreenBeltmovementinKenyain1977,whichhasplantedmorethan10milliontreestopreventsoilerosion(流失)andprovidefirewoodforcookingfires.WangariMaathaiwasthefirstAfricanwomantobenamedaNobelPeacePrizelaureate,honouredforhercontributiontosustainabledevelopmentandpeace.1.Whatcanweknowfromthefirstparagraph?A.Womencontributedlesstotheworldthanmen.B.Womenwerenotasactiveasmeninkeepingtheworldpeace.C.WomenwonmoreNobelPeacePrizesthanmeninrecentdecades.D.WomenNobelPeacelaureatesarestillfewerinnumberthanmen.2.WhatcanwelearnaboutJaneAddams?A.Shesetupasettlementhouse.B.ShewasafriendofAlfredNobel’s.C.SheacceptedthePrizeinperson.D.ShemadetheefforttokeepthepeaceduringWorldWarⅡ.3.WangariMaathaiwasawardedtheNobelPeacePrizebecauseof.A.herfightforfreedomB.theinternationalpeacemovementC.hercontributiontoenvironmentalprotectionD.herworkinbringinghelptosufferinghumanity导学号〚23280068〛B(2018山东德州期中考试)FacebookchiefoperatingofficerSherylSandbergandAnnaMariaChavez,chiefofGirlScoutsoftheUSA,areleadingacampaigntodiscouragetheuseoftheword“bossy”.Doesthetermdestroytheconfidenceofyounggirls?Thecampaignclaimsthattermslike“bossy”areimproperlyappliedtofemales,preventingschoolgirlsfromseeingthemselvesasfuture“leaders”.Fromitsfirstapplication,thewordhasbeendefinitelyconnectedmorewithwomenthanwithmen.Itfirstappearedin1882,accordingtotheOxfordEnglishDictionary,mentioning“aladymanagerwhowasextremelybossy”.Aslateas2008,thewordappearedinreferencetofemalesfourtimesmoreoftenthanmales,claimtheBanBossycampaigners.“Tome,thereferenceisalwaysinassociationwithwomen,”saysHelenTrim,directorofFreshMinds.“Ihavethreebrothersandmyfamilystillcallme‘bossy’today.”Herfatheristheonlyotherfamilymemberwhocouldbeconsideredinthatway,saysTrim,butnobodywouldevercallhimso.Someeducatorsrecommendthatthewordshouldbereclaimed,ratherthanbanned.“Butthethingwith‘bossy’isthatthere’saninfantile(幼稚的)elementtoit,”saysSaraMills,professoratSheffieldUniversity.“Youthinkof‘bossy’asbeinglikealittlekidwho’sclaimingmorethanhehastherighttoclaim....
