Unit7TheSea（B）(35分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解IntheUnitedStatesalone,over100millioncell-phonesarethrownawayeachyear.Cell-phonesarepartofagrowingmountainofelectronicwastelikecomputersandpersonaldigitalassistants.Theelectronicwastestreamisincreasingthreetimesfasterthantraditionalgarbageasawhole.Electronicdevicescontainvaluablemetalssuchasgoldandsilver.ASwissstudyreportedthatwhiletheweightofelectronicgoodsrepresentedbypreciousmetalswasrelativelysmallincomparisontototalwaste,theconcentration(含量)ofgoldandotherpreciousmetalswashigherinso-callede-wastethaninnaturallyoccurringminerals.Electronicwastesalsocontainmanypoisonousmetals.Evenwhenthemachinesarerecycledandtheharmfulmetalsremoved,therecyclingprocessofteniscarriedoutinpoorcountries,inpracticallyuncontrolledwayswhichallowmanypoisonoussubstancestoescapeintotheenvironment.Creatingproductsoutofrawmaterialscreatesmuchmorewastematerial,upto100timesmore,thanthematerialcontainedinthefinishedproducts.Consideragainthecell-phone,andimaginetheminesthatproducedthosemetals,thefactoriesneededtomaketheboxandpackaging(包装)itcamein.Manywastesproducedintheproducingprocessareharmfulaswell.TheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencynotesthatmostwasteisdangerousinthat“theproduction,distribution,anduseofproducts—aswellasmanagementoftheresultingwaste—allresultingreenhousegasrelease.”Individualscanreducetheircontributionbycreatinglesswasteatthestart—forinstance,buyingreusableproductsandrecycling.Inmanycountriestheconceptofextendedproducerresponsibilityisbeingconsideredorhasbeenputinplaceasanincentive(动机)forreducingwaste.Ifproducersarerequiredtotakebackpackagingtheyusetoselltheirproducts,wouldtheyreducethepackaginginthefirstplace?Governments’incentivetorequireproducerstotakeresponsibilityforthepackagingtheyproduceisusuallybasedonmoney.Why,theyask,shouldcitiesortownsberesponsibleforpayingtodealwiththebubblewrap(气泡垫)thatencasedyourtelevision?Fromthegovernments’pointofview,aprimarygoaloflawsrequiringextendedproducerresponsibilityistotransferboththecostsandthephysicalresponsibilityofwastemanagementfromthegovernmentandtax-payersbacktotheproducers.1.BymentioningtheSwissstudy,theauthorintendstotellusthat.A.theweightofe-goodsisrathersmallB.e-wastedeservestobemadegooduseofC.naturalmineralscontainmorepreciousmetalsD.thepercentageofpreciousmetalsisheavyine-waste2.Theresponsibilityofe-wastetreatmentshouldbeextended.A.fromproducerstogovernmentsB.fromgovernmentstoproducersC.fromindividualstodistributorsD.fromdistributorstogovernments3.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.Theincreaseine-waste.B.Thecreationofe-waste.C.Theseriousnessofe-waste.D.Themanagementofe-waste.Ⅱ.完形填空(2018·湖南长沙一模)Iworkedonboatsfortwentyfiveyears.NowIamadockingpilot(码头领航员).Myjobisto1inthelargeluxuryliners(轮船)andstaywiththemuntiltheyare2stoppedintheharbour.Sometimesthisrequirestwotugs(拖船),sometimesmanymore,3thetideandtheweather.Mostofyouno4haveseenthesetugspushingandpullingatthebigliners.Whattheyaredoingdoesn’tseemtomakemuch5,astheminutethebigboatisalongsidetheport,herheavyropemadefast,thejobis6.Ifeltvery7afterIhaddockedseveralofthelargeliners.IrealisedIwasin8ofagreatshipworthmillionsofdollarsandthe9weredependingonmetobringhersafelytotheport.Thesetugs,whetheroneorten,10aboutinaccordwith(与……一致)whistlesignalsI11themfromthebridgeofthebigliner.Thesesignalsmakeupalanguagethat...
