新概念英语第二册语法总结：名词性从句（3）宾语从句（三）宾语从句：在复合句中充当宾语。1.that引导宾语从句时无含义，不充当成分，常省略。★that不引导介词的宾语从句，至于exceptthat,inthat,savethat,butthat等是复合从属连词。Iknow(that)youhavemethim.Let'ssupposethatonedaythishappenstoyou.★在及物动词和宾语从句之间常有间接宾语（指人）。例如：Itoldhim(that)hewaswrong.★在少数动词如：think,believe,suppose,expect,imagine,calculate,fancy,reckon,besupposed,seem,appear,feelasif,lookasif,looklike等后面的从句中的否定词经常转移到主句谓语动词上，这叫否定前置/否定转移。（hope“希望”,guess“认为”后的宾语从句否定不前置。Ihopenot.“我希望不是那样的”，是Ihopeso.的否定式。Idon'thopeso.是对hope的否定：“我不希望如此”。）如：Idon'tthinkitwillbeverycoldtoday.Idon'tthinkyouareright.Idon'tbelievehehasfinishedhiswork.注意：①非必须否定转移。若需要强调从句的否定时就不作转移。②不可把所有可否定转移动词的否定句都理解为否定宾语从句，要根据句意或语境而定。Idon'tthinkdiplomacyisafieldforprivateenterprise.Wedidn'tthinkwe'dbethislate.③当think用在疑问句中，或主句中的谓语动词与状语连用，或主句中的谓语动词被do强调时，不能否定转移。Whydoyouthinkwecan'tchangeyournote?IdobelieveTomnevertellsalie.Theystilldidn'tbelievethatthefoodwouldcome.Ican'tbelievethattheyaremarried.④否定转移多用在主句动词为一般现在时的情况。主句动词为一般过去时、过去完成时、过去进行时、现在完成时、现在完成进行时，或主句动词与情态动词连用，就不能否定转移。此时若主句动词为否定，应考虑是否是对主句动词的否定。Ihadthoughtthathewouldnotcome.我已经想到了他不能来了。⑤当宾语从句中有no,never,hardly,notatall,notabit,not...enough,can'thelpdoing等时不能否定转移。IthinkIcan'thelplaughingifIseeit.Ibelievehenevertellsalie.▲许多带宾语补足语的句子要用it作形式宾语，而把宾语从句置于句尾。Wethinkitwrongthathetoldalietoeveryone.Wethoughtitapitythatsheshouldhavemissedthechance.2.whether,if引导宾语从句：表示“是否”可互换，口语中常用if。Heaskedifshewouldcome.注意下列情况下whether不可用if换：1)引导主语从句置于句首时。2)whether后没有单词间隔而直接跟ornot时。Idon'tknowwhetherornothewillcome.3)whether从句作介词宾语时。Theyaretalkingaboutwhetherhewillwinthegame.Everythingdependsonwhetheryouagreewithus.4)whether后接不定式时。Idon'tknowwhethertoattendthemeeting.5)动词discuss,decide的宾语从句时。3.连接代词what,who,whose等引导的宾语从句。Tellmewhatyouwant.Doyouknowwhowillcomeatthemeeting?注意：who,whom按照传统语法，从句中who所取代的名词如果是宾语应用宾格whom，但在口语中常用who，如：Doyouknowwhom(who)hewillinvite?①whose,which,what三个词都带有形容词性质。whose表示所有，意为“谁的”；which意为“哪一个”，what意为“什么”。如：Whosebookitisnotimportant.Pleasetellmewhichschoolyouwanttogo.Hedidn'tknowwhattimeitwas.②一般说来，which指的是在一个具体的、较明确的、有限的、较小范围；而what则指较广的或不明确的范围。如：whichfood，说话人一般指眼前的或明确范围的几种food；whatfood则指许多food，而且说话人心中没有数。Idon'tknowwhich/whatfoodyouwant.如果范围较大或者没有什么范围，最好用whatfood。4.连接副词when,where,why,how引导的宾语从句。Idon'tknowwhenthemeetingwillbeheld.PleasetellmewhereIcanfindTom.Heexplainedtomewhyhewasabsentfromthemeeting.CanyoutellmehowIcangettothepostoffice?5.可用whatever,whoever,whomever,whenever,wherever等引导宾语从句。Pleasewritedownwhateverheissaying.Idon'tknowwhoeverwillcome.I'lldowhateveryouaskmeto.6.表示爱憎情感的动词，如：enjoy,hate,love,like,dislike,do...
