第1页共18页编号:时间:2021年x月x日书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟页码:第1页共18页住宅過濾與福祉變化分析-空屋鍵模式之應用AnalysisonHousingFilteringProcessandBenefitsChanges-byApplicationofVacancyChainsModel胡志平†摘要住戶的遷移行為,其結果一方面調適住戶的住宅服務水準;另外一方面也藉以改善住宅福祉。拌隨著住戶的遷移所引發之換屋過程「空屋鍵(VacancyChains)」將住屋單元及住戶相互聯結,當此聯結規模愈大即表示空屋鍵愈長,住宅福祉的改善較多;反之則否。空屋鍵模式的邏輯為-新建住宅(NewConstruction)所誘發換屋的最大可能性,本文的目的即在建立空屋鍵結計量解析模式,並且進一步計算一新建住宅社區誘發的空屋鍵長,並且藉以衡量社區住宅福祉改善程度。本文利用空屋鍵模式,討論新建住宅誘發之乘數效果(MultiplierEffect),並且討論住戶換屋所誘發的住宅過濾過程(HousingFilteringProcess)的顯著程度,其次再以空屋鍵乘積計算住戶平均遷移次數,作為住宅福祉計量指標,藉以解析住宅福祉於此過程中之分配結構,最後據此提出改善與促進住宅福祉的策略。在經驗實證結果方面顯示住宅過濾比預期較不明顯。過濾的住宅也多半是屋齡老舊而且鄰里環境與相關住宅條件也都不佳,住宅福祉的提升相當有限。利用過濾來改善中低收入住戶的住宅品質的策略,也確實缺乏效率及公平性。其他諸如租賃住宅的供給、中低收入戶住宅補貼等,對弱勢族群住宅品質的改善,的確有其存在之必要性。另一方面,實證結果也顯示高價位住宅仍比中低價位住宅有較顯著的過濾效果。因此可以歸結出一個結論,增加住宅過濾效果之顯著性以提升住宅福祉必須以住宅產品特質為主要考量,突顯產品區隔性,並且適度增加中高收入住戶換屋誘因,以達到過濾的目的。關鍵詞:住宅福祉、換屋、空屋鍵、新建住宅、住宅過濾。AbstractThereasonsforthehousehold-movementaretoadjustthelevelofhousingserviceontheonewayaswellastoimprovethehousingbenefitsontheotherway.Vacancychainsincurringbythehouseholdrelocationmakelinkagebetweendwellingunitsandhouseholds.Thelargerthevacancychainsare,thehigherthelevelofthehousingbenefitsimproved.Thelogicofthe†中華大學建築與都市計畫學系專任副教授;e-mail:johanson@chu.edu.tw第2页共18页第1页共18页编号:时间:2021年x月x日书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟页码:第2页共18页vacancychainsmodelisthathowmaximalpossibilityincurringfromanewconstructioncanopenupbythehouseholdrelocation.Thepurposeofthispaperistoestablishtheinterpretationmodel,vacancychainsmodel,tocalculatethelengthsofvacancychainsasaindexofimprovedlevelofhousingbenefitsofanewresidentialcommunity.Theempiricalstudyusesvacancychainsmodeltocalculatethemultipliereffectsincurringfromthenewconstructedresidentialcommunityandtointerpretthesignificancelevelofhousingfiltering.Bymeansofmultiplyingthelengthsofvacancychainsbythefrequenciesofhouseholdmovementbetheindexofhousingbenefits.Finallythispaperwillinterpretthestructureofhousingbenefitsandraisesthestrategyhowtoimproveit.Theresultofthisempiricalstudyindicatesthehousingfilteringprocessisnotsignificantevenifitdoeshappenthefilteredhousingwillbeeitherobsolescentorsufferingfromalackofmaintenanceandaprotracteddeclineinneighborhoodorenvironmentalcondition.Itisthereforeinefficienttoimprovethehousingqualityofmiddle-lowincomehouseholdsbyacceleratinghousingfilteringprocess.Anotherpoliciessuchasaddingrentalhousingandsubsidiestolowincomehouseholdsarenecessarytoraisethelevelofhousingbenefitstoweakgroups.Theresultofthisempiricalstudyalsoshowsthatthefilteringeffectfromthehighpricehousingismoresignificantthanthelowone.Theconclusionisthatforthepurposeofacceleratingfilteringprocess,thekey-factorofimprovinghousingbenefitswi...