SectionⅣGrammar过去完成时的被动语态&直接引语与间接引语1．(教材P23)Bythetimeitended,morethan700peoplehad__been__killed(kill)and2，700had__been__injured(injure)．2．(教材P23)CoghlantravelledbacktoCanada—afterhehad__been__buried(bury)inTexas!3．(教材P26)Hesaidthateleventhousandpeoplelived(live)thereandsixthousandhad__left(leave)theweekbefore.4．(教材P26)Thereporteraskedwhenpeoplewould__be(be)abletoreturnhome.过去完成时的被动语态1．构成：had＋been＋过去分词2．用法：表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成了的被动动作。常用于before,after,bythetime,when等引导的状语从句中，且谓语动词是一般过去时，以及by,before,until＋过去的时间点。◆(2018·北京卷)Arescueworkerriskedhislifesavingtwotouristswhohadbeentrappedinthemountainsfortwodays.一位救援人员冒着生命危险营救了两个被困在山上两天的游客。◆(江西卷)By16：30,whichwasalmostclosingtime,nearlyallthepaintingshadbeensold.到下午四点半，差不多营业时间结束的时候，几乎所有的画都已经卖光了。◆Thenewspaperreportedmorethan1，000peoplehadbeenkilledinthehurricane.报纸报道说有一千多人在飓风中丧生。直接引语与间接引语直接引述别人的原话，叫做直接引语；用自己的话转述别人的话叫做间接引语。直接引语如改为间接引语，必须在语序、人称、时态和状语方面做相应变化。1．直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时由连词that引导(that可省略)。◆Marysaidtoherfriends,“Idon’tlikecomputers.”→Marysaidtoherfriends(that)shedidn’tlikecomputers.2．直接引语是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时变成if/whether引导的宾语从句(从句中须用陈述语序)。3．直接引语是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时特殊疑问句变为由who,whom,when,where,why,how等疑问词引导的宾语从句(注意：从句中须用陈述语序)。4．直接引语是祈使句，变间接引语时变为“主语＋ask/order/tell/beg等＋宾语＋动词不定式”这一句型。◆Hesaid,“Doitnowanddon’tputitoffuntiltomorrow.”→Hetoldmetodoitthenandnottoputitoffuntilthenextday.(1)直接引语变间接引语时，时态的变化如下：直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时一般过去时过去完成时过去进行时过去进行时一般将来时过去将来时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时注意：直接引语是客观真理、谚语或名人名言时，变成间接引语时时态不变。当直接引语中有具体的过去时间作状语时，间接引语仍然用一般过去时。(2)指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等的变化：直接引语间接引语thisthatthesethosenowthentodaythatday续表直接引语间接引语yesterdaythedaybeforelastyeartheyearbeforeagobeforetomorrowthenextdaynextmonththenextmonthheretherecomegobringtake单句语法填空1．(2018·江苏卷)Iwassenttothevillagelastmonthtoseehowthedevelopmentplanhad__been__carried(carry)outinthepasttwoyears.2．Bythetimehisparentscamebackfromwork,thesickboyhad__been__sent(send)tohospitalbytheirneighbour.3．Assoonassheheardthenewsthatherlostbabyhad__been__found(find),theexcitedmotherburstintotears.4．WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundtheticketshad__sold(sell)out.5．(2019·沈阳二中高一期中)—Howwasthejourney?—Tiring!Icaughtthetrainatthelastsecondandalltheseatshad__been__occupied(occupy).Istoodalltheway.6．Thepolicemanaskedthewomanwhether/iftherewasanythingwrong.7．Ourteachersaidthatpracticemakes(make)perfect.8．Jimtoldmethathewould__visit(visit)theSummerPalacethenextweek.9．Thecaptainorderedthesoldierto__get(get)itdonebytwoo’clock.10．(北京卷)Ifoundthelecturehardtofollowbecauseithad__started(start)whenIarrived.单句改错1．TheteachertoldmethatImustpaymoreattentiontohispronunciation.his→my2．Itwasreportedthatmorethan1,000peoplehadkilledinthetornado.killed前面加been3．Hesaidthatsomebridgeshadwashedawayafterthestorm.had后加been4．TheteacheraskedthestudentsthattheywereinterestedinEnglish.that→whether/if5．Johntoldmethatheisgoingtoseethefilmasecondtime.is→was语法与写作1．做完作业后他上床睡觉了。Afterhis__homework__had__been__finished,__hewenttobed.2．布朗先生问我是否对科学感兴趣。Mr.Brownaskedmeif/whether__I__was__interested__in__science．3．她告诉我她五年前在那儿住过。Shetoldmethatshehad__lived__therefiveyearsbefore.4．到昨晚9点钟，大部分工作已经完成。Bynineo’clocklastnight,mostoftheworkhad__been__finished．5．地理老师告诉我们地球围绕太阳转。Thegeographyteachertoldusthatthe__earth__travels__around__the__sun．
