Unit3Backtothepast古罗马帝国不仅仅在政治上强大、版图上辽阔，它所创造的古罗马文化在哲学、文学、建筑等方面，也是全人类巨大的精神财富，是世界古典文化中的瑰宝。AncientRomeisthattimeinhistorywhentheRomanEmpireexisted.Atitspeak,theempireincludedmostofEurope,northernAfrica,andtheMiddleEast.TheRomanswereknownfortheirarmy,architecture,andgovernment.Theempireexistedfromabout100B．C.to500A．D.Althoughmanypeopletalkaboutthe“riseandfall”oftheRomanEmpire,othersfocusonhowthecivilizationchangedovertime.Bothpositives(i.e.,artandarchitecture)andnegatives(i.e.,slaveryandcruelty)canbeidentifiedintheculturethroughoutthehistoryofAncientRome.Thefirstsettlementswereestablishedaround753B．C.Attheheightoftheempirearound200A．D.,theempirecovered2.5millionsquaremiles.TheWesternEmpirefellin476A．D.andtheEasternEmpirelasteduntil1453.Basedonstrictorganizationandcentralized(中央集权的)control,theempirewasconnectedbyahugenetworkofroadswiththecityofRomeinthecenter.Eachtownwasplannedinexactlythesamewayincludingasystemofstreets,runningwater,andsewers(污水管)．TheForumatthecenteroftownwassurroundedbyshops,temples,andgovernmentbuildings.Astrongarmydefendedandexpandedtheempire.Thesoldiersbelongedtolegions(军队)ofabout5，000people.Theywerehighlytrainedandwellequippedwitharmor,shields,spears,andswords.Awellorganizedcivilservicesystemgovernedthepeople.RomanhistorycontainsmanyfamousfiguresincludingAugustus,thefirstemperor,JuliusCaesar,Caligula,andNero.TheRomanshadmanyfestivalsandrituals(仪式)foreventssuchaschildbirth,marriage,andfunerals.LikeGreekculture,Romanculturewasknownforitsmythology.TheRomansenjoyedfood,baths,andallkindsofentertainment.SectionⅠWelcometotheunit&Reading—WarmingUp[学生用书P54]1．found__vt.兴建，创建2.flee_vt.&vi.逃避，逃跑；迅速离开3．destroy_vt.毁坏，摧毁4．ruin_n.废墟，毁坏vt.破坏；毁灭5．commercial_adj.商业的，贸易的→commercen．贸易；商业6．unfortunate_adj.不幸的，遗憾的→unfortunatelyadv.不幸地；遗憾地→fortunateadj.幸运的；侥幸的→fortunatelyadv.幸运地；幸亏7．decorate_vt.装饰，装潢→decorationn．装饰；装饰品8．civilization_n．文明→civilizevt.使开化；使文明9．graduallyadv.渐渐地，逐渐地→gradualadj.逐渐的；逐步的10．remainsn．遗物，遗迹，遗骸→remainv．剩余；逗留；留下；依然；保持1．protect...from...保护……免受……2．be_known_as作为……而出名3．take_over夺取；接管4．be_buried_alive被活埋5．turn_out证明是6．together_with和……一起7．cut_down砍倒8．result_in导致……9．break_down毁掉；(身体)垮掉；(谈判等)失败；分解10．fail_to_do未能做……1．完全倒装Nearthecitywas_a_volcano(是一座火山)．2．so＋助动词＋主语……也是如此Manypeoplewereburiedalive,and_so_was_the_city(这座城市也是一样)．3．Itturnsoutthat...结果……It_turns_out_that(结果)aftertheashcoveredthepeoplewhofailedtofleethecity,theirbodiesnearlycompletelybrokedownanddisappeared...4．it作形式主语It’s_hard_to_imagine(很难想象)howthispeacefulvolcanodestroyedthewholecity!5．bebelievedtohavedone人们相信……It_is_believed_to_have_been_gradually_covered(人们相信它逐渐被埋)overbysandstormsfromAD200toAD400.Scanthetextandmatchthemainideaofeachdiary.Diary1A．avisittoPompeiicityDiary2B．thepurposeanddestinationofthetripDiary3C．thediscoveryoftheLoulanKingdomDiary4D．alectureaboutPompeiiandvolcanoDiary5E．generalinformationaboutLoulan答案：BDAECReadthetextcarefullyandchoosethebestanswer.1．LoulaniscalledChina’sPompeiiinthedesertbecause_______...
