第十一讲名词性从句名词性从句的本质：3种句子充当4种成分所谓名词性从句，就是把完整句子当作名词来使用，使之在另一个句子中充当某种成分。一般来说，名词在句中主要充当4种成分：主语、宾语、表语和同位语，于是便有了常说的4种名词性从句：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。相当于名词作用的句子有3类：陈述句、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句。因此，名词性从句可简单概括为这样一句话：名词性从句就是用3种句子分别充当另外一个句子的4种句子成分。这便构成了名词性从句的本质特征。名词性从句的引导词对应的句子类型是否作成分连词that陈述句that在从句中不作成分连词whether/if一般疑问句whether和if在从句中不作成分连接代词who，whom,what，which,whose；连接副词when,where，why,how特殊疑问句who和what在从句中作主语、宾语或表语；whom在从句中作宾语；which在从句中作主语、表语或定语；whose在句中作定语。连接副词在从句中作状语主语从句1.that引导的主语从句(1)that引导主语从句时，在从句中不作任何成分，也没有词汇意义，但一般不可省略。Thattheearthgoesaroundthesunisknowntousall.众所周知，地球围着太阳转。(2)that引导主语从句时可用it作形式主语，that不可省略。常见句式主要有以下几种：①It＋be＋形容词(necessary,right,likely,unlikely,wrong,important,certain,clear,obvious,strange,normal等)＋that从句Itisn’tlikelythatIshouldacceptsuchanofferasthat.我不可能接受像那样的帮助。②It＋be＋名词(短语)(apity,ashame,goodnews,afact,anhonour,awonder,nowonder等)＋that从句It’snowonderthathedidn’twanttogo.难怪他不想去。③It＋be＋过去分词(said,told,heard,reported,decided,suggested,advised,ordered,remembered,thought,considered,wellknown,announced等)＋that从句ItisdecidedthatthemeetinghasbeenputoffuntilnextMonday.会议被推迟到下周一已经定下来了。[名师指津]在“It＋be＋suggested/advised/ordered/requested/insisted/required...＋that从句”结构中，从句谓语应用“(should＋)动词原形”。Itissuggestedthatyou(should)spendmoretimeinstudyingEnglish.建议你花更多的时间学习英语。④It＋特殊动词或短语(seem,appear,happen,matter,turnout,occurto,makenodifference等)＋that从句ItsuddenlyoccurredtoherthatJoewasafraidofbeingalone.她突然想到乔害怕独自一个人待着。2．whether/if引导的主语从句主语从句位于主句谓语动作前，表示“是否”，只能用whether。若用it作形式主语，则whether与if可互换。Whetherwecanhavecleandrinkingwaterliesinwhateffectivemeasureswillbetakenbythegovernmentaboutwaterpollution.我们能否有干净的饮用水依赖于政府将采取什么样的有效措施处理水污染问题。It’suncertainwhether/ifhe’llcomethisevening.他今天晚上是否会来还不确定。3．wh类连接词引导的主语从句wh类连接词包括连接代词(who,whom,whose,what,whoever,whomever,whatever等)和连接副词(when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等)。WhatBarbaraJonesofferstoherfansishonestyandhappiness.芭芭拉·琼斯展现给她的粉丝们的是诚实和快乐。[对点练1]用适当的连接词填空①Howweunderstandthingshasalottodowithwhatwefeel.②Itdoesn’tmatterwhetheryouturnrightorleftatthecrossing—bothroadsleadtothepark.③It’snowonderthatyou’veachievedsomuchsuccess.④Ithasnotbeendecidedyetwhowilltakechargeofthefactorywhenthebossisaway.⑤Whoeversetsfiretotheforestshouldbepunished.宾语从句1.that引导的宾语从句that引导宾语从句时无词义，在从句中不作成分，口语中一般可以省略，但下列情况下不能省略：(1)当that从句作介词的宾语时。Idon’tknowexactlywherehelives,exceptthatit’ssomewhereoutinthewilds.他住在哪里我不很清楚，只知道是远离城市的荒野之中。(2)动词后跟有多个that引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个that可以省略，从第二个从句开始that不可省略。Hetoldme(that)hehadtoleaveandthathewo...
