ReferenceforTeaching一、异域风情1.CharlieChaplinCharlieChaplinwasbornonApril16,1889inLondon.Hisfatherwasanentertainerandalthoughnotoneofthebignames.Hewasdoingverywell.HismotherHannahwasalsoanentertainer,awonderfulmimic.Shehadasweet,charmingvoice.Whiletheywerenotrich,themusichallprovidedtheChaplinswithacomfortableliving.Unfortunately,happylifedidn'tlastlong.Father'salcoholismwasslowly,butsurelydestroyinghismarriage.Finallyitendedindivorce,butHannahwasstrong.Withouther,CharlieChaplinwouldhavebecomejustonemorechildlostinthepovertyofVictorianLondon.SomehowshemanagedtokeepCharlieandhisbrotherSydneyclean,warmandclothed.Shewouldsitatthewindowwatchingthepassers-byandguesstheircharactersfromthewaytheylookedandbehaved,makingupstoriestodelightCharlieandSydney.Charlietookinherskillsandwentonusingthemallhislife.Charliehadalwaysbelieved,evenintheworsttimes,thatwassomethingspeciallockedawayinsidehim.Hetookhiscourageandwenttoseeoneofthetoptheatricalagents.Withnoexperienceatall,hewasbeingofferedthelittlepartofBilly——thepageboyinanewproductionofSherlockHolmesopenedonJuly27,1903attheenormousPavilionTheatre.Charlieseemedtochangeovernight.Itwasasifhehadfoundthethinghewasmeanttodo.In1910,whenkarnosetoffonitsyearlyAmericantour,oneofthebestpantomineartistshadeverseenhim.TheyhadreachedPhiladelphiawhenatelegramarrivedandCharliewasofferedthechancetoreplaceastarinthekeystonefilmcompany.CinemawasborninthesameyearasCharliethoughtpeoplestillbelieveditwasapassingfad,andwouldneverreplaceliveshows.Hewaskepthangingaboutforseveralweeksandheusedthetimetowatchandtolearn.Hewasdeterminedtomasterthisnewmedium.Itofferedhimthechanceofmoneyandsuccess—anditwouldsethimfreefromthenoisesofliveaudience.Charlie'sfirstfilm,showninFebruary1914wascalled“Makingaliving”.Thoughitdidn'tsatisfyCharlie,thepubliclikedit.Afterthathehadmadetenfilmsandhehadlearnedalot.Thepubliclovedhimanddistributorsweredemandingmoreandmore.Chaplinfilms.Inanincrediblyshorttime,Charliehadbecomeaveryimportantmanismotionpicture…2.AboutJokesWhatisitthatmakespeoplelaugh?MorethantwothousandyearsagotheancientGreekphilosopherAristotledefinedhumousasthepleasurethatresultsfromafeelingoftriumphbyshowingwe'rebetterthansomeoneelseinacertainway.AccordingtoAristotleandmanyotherphilosophers,alljokesdependmainlyonshowinginferiorityinanotherpersonorgroupofpersons—thatis,puttingitclearly,onshowingthattheyarenotasgoodasweare.Jokesraiseourgoodopinionofourselveschieflysomeoneelse'sexpense.Byshowinghowmuchbetterthanotherpeopleweareisonlyonereasonwelikejokes.Someonemayalsouseajoketoexpresstheirangerortheircrueltyoranyotherkindofactionthatisnotacceptabletous.Wefeelfreetolaughwhenwehearaboutsomeoneslippingonabananaskin.Thejokeletsusexpressthoseattitudeswhichareusuallyunacceptabletosociety.Thisisprobablythereasonwhysomeofthejokes,especiallythoseinvolvingcrueltyorsex,aresopoplularwithcertainpeople.Inaddition,alljokesdependonourenjoymentoflaughingatsomethingthatisstrangeand用心爱心专心outofplacebecauseit'sdifferentfromthingswhicharehappeningaroundit.Thesamesituationcanbeeithersadorpleasant,dependingentirelyonhowstrangeandoutofplaceitis.Ifagirlinabathing-dressfallsintoaswimmingpool,wedon'tlaughbecausenothingunusualhashappened.Butifamaninsmartsuitfallsin,thesituationisatonceunusualinapleasantwayandwelaugh.Agoodjoke-tellerwillalwaystrytobuildupasituationinwhichonethingisex...
